You wish he had more gratitude toward you. He is too old to change in that department. He does not want to have gratitude, because gratitude entails obligation and he does not want to be responsible.
Since you want to engender more gratitude from him, you are afraid of pushing him too much, even though you realize the peril of his ways.
He can see that.
He may have some "ideas" to be worked on. But when someone is running, is he running toward something, or is he running away from something?
The situation you described, gratitude seems secondary. You want to see him become independent, which means he needs to learn to be responsible for himself.
Wished the bluntness were unnecessary and still be clear.
(Sometimes, implied expectation works better. E.g., instead of saying "How many courses are you taking so that you can graduate next spring?" say "When you graduate next spring, do you want to do some travel?")