The American governments (state, federal) are helping inner city schools (or people who have inner city origin). They financially support innercity school, so that per student spending is comparable to good school. My school district's per student spending is less than that in the inner city in our state.
They also try to help in numerous other ways, such as establishing laws that they believe will help inner city school. And when the people of inner city origin move to other school districts, their kids CAN go to school in those districts.
The Chinese governments' per student spending in rural areas is greatly less than that in the cities. In fact, when budget is tight, the teachers in rural areas often do not get paid (delayed by several months).
And when farmers work/live in a city for 11 months a year, their kids still CANNOT go to the schools in the district where they work/live.