American scientists Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien and Osamu Shimomura of Japan won the 2008 Nobel Prize in chemistry on Wednesday for their studies of the green fluorescent protein, GFP.
"The glowing protein is one of the most important tools used in contemporary bioscience," the Royal Swedish Academy of Science said in a statement.
The trio have developed ways to watch processes that were previously invisible, such as the development of nerve cells in the brain or how cancer cells spread, it added in the statement.
This was the third of prestigious Nobel Prizes handed out this year, with awards in physics and medicine made in the past two days.
Yoichiro Nambu of America and Japan's Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa won the 2008 Nobel Prize in physics for reaching on symmetry at the microscopic level, while Harald zur Hausen of Germany and Francoise Barre-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier of France shared the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of two viruses causing severe human diseases.
Each prize consists of a medal, a personal diploma and a cash award of 10 million Swedish kronor (US$1.42 million).