大样本的可以看PISA,小样本的看国际奥数比赛金牌

On the math test last year, students in Shanghai scored 600, in Singapore 562, in Germany 513, and in the United States 487.

“This is the first time that we have internationally comparable data on learning outcomes in China,” Mr. Schleicher said. “While that’s important, for me the real significance of these results is that they refute the commonly held hypothesis that China just produces rote learning.”

“Large fractions of these students demonstrate their ability to extrapolate from what they know and apply their knowledge very creatively in novel situations,” he said.