When the Moors (Muslims) Ruled Europe: Documentary
当摩尔人（穆斯林人）在欧洲的土地上统治时的那个年代（记录片）
When the Moors Ruled in Europe - Bettany Hughes, Channel 4 (11.2005)
当摩尔人（穆斯林人）在欧洲的土地上统治时的那个年代 - 贝塔尼·休斯，第四频道，2005年11月
An insightful documentary into the prosperity Islam engendered in Europe during its glorious reign there.
一部很有内涵、很有见地的纪录片（片长102分钟），揭示了伊斯兰辉煌王朝在它的兴盛时期所构造的欧洲。
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纪录片简介
When the Moors Ruled in Europe
Bettany Hughes traces the story of the mysterious and misunderstood Moors, the Islamic society that ruled in Spain for 700 years, but whose legacy was virtually erased from Western history.
In 711 AD, a tribe of newly converted Muslims from North Africa crossed the straits of Gibraltar and invaded Spain. Known as The Moors, they went on to build a rich and powerful society.
Its capital, Cordoba, was the largest and most civilised city in Europe, with hospitals, libraries and a public infrastructure light years ahead of anything in England at the time.
Amongst the many things that were introduced to Europe by Muslims at this time were: a huge body of classical Greek texts that had been lost to the rest of Europe for centuries (kick-starting the Renaissance); mathematics and the numbers we use today; advanced astronomy and medical practices; fine dining; the concept of romantic love; paper; deodorant; and even erection creams.
This wasn't the rigid, fundamentalist Islam of some people's imaginations, but a progressive, sensuous and intellectually curious culture. But when the society collapsed, Spain was fanatically re-Christianised; almost every trace of seven centuries of Islamic rule was ruthlessly removed.
It is only now, six centuries later, that The Moors' influences on European life and culture are finally beginning to be fully understood.
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纪录片选摘选译
在此片中，Bettany Hughes女士（主讲者）身怀探索历史的激情，又不失客观和理性。而诸多被采访者们的回答，个性鲜明，语言精彩，耐人寻味，发人深思。尤其是在片尾，Bettany女士朗读的那些大段大段的结语，其遣词造句，睿智大气，用心良苦，堪称文学造诣的典范。
震憾之余，不免在想，在这个对人类历史的自我新发现的基础上，反省深思，能不能进一步上升到哲学认识的高度呢？
说实在的，很难用中文传译出这些文字的神彩，所以，在这里，随手选摘了几处，听写出来，以飨你我。并且，选译了一些颇为重要的关键词，点击即可阅读该词的维基百科详解。
0:00:12 The year is 1492, Christopher Columbus（克里斯托弗·哥伦布）, ...
0:04:59 ...beloved... It's here: The Alhambra Palace（阿尔罕布拉宫）...
0:07:40 ...Arabian romance...
0:11:00 When You go to a concert, and you listen Mozart(莫扎特), you listen Beethoven（贝多芬）, you listen Verdi（威尔弟）, you dont know perhaps music, but you notice there is something magic, you can feel it. Yes. It happens here with the same (reason). You feel it!
0:14:00 ...where they found a city called Medina（麦地那）...
0:17:00 ...but Islam wasn't very interested in territory expansion, it was also a faith to committed to the learning, ...was an instruction: "Seek knowledge"...
0:18:00 ...In an ancient Muslim city Fes（非斯）in Moroco, there were many examples of this unique integration of religion and education... There's no seperation... The angel told him: Read... poetry...But I think the most important section... Come and learn, because with knowledge, you can become what you want to be, in the future...
0:20:37 During the Midevil period, knowledge was at the high agenda of Islamic world... This inhabited of learning, ... This is an Arabic translation of philosopher Aristotle（亚里士多德）, with the additional commentary, by Muslim scholar...
0:22:00 Year 529 AD, ... closed down the Athenian school of philosophy ... Dark Ages, ... While Europe wasn't protected and was vulnerable, Islam was consolidating land and power...
0:24:00 ...This complex is the most important discovery in Western Europe. ...They found cities crisis. Social crisis and urban crisis. The traditional explanation is the idea that when the Arabs came, the society collapsed and the city collapsed. It's not true, it's not true. The collapse of the city started during the Visigothic(西哥特人) period.
If you read Spanish history, we even have evidence. ...We don't have evidence of violence. Not at all. In this area it was peaceful. And the archaeology(考古学) is showing another landscape, another explanation too. The Muslims started to build a new society.
0:26:00 The enthusiasm(热情。但是，迄今为止，中文里找不出一个恰当的词来完全译出它的寓意) for learning that Islamic world was being years of nurturing, was about to be transmitted to Europe. We went to Spain, not to fight against the people there, but to save them from the tyranny of Latin and others that governed them at the time.
0:29:00 The heart of Al Andalus,... Cordoba（科爾多瓦）, ... brought cutting-edge technologies for irrigation（灌溉） to Spain, almost immediately, the landscape was transformed. Palm trees, lemons and oranges, avocados, ... none of which had been seen in Europe, Because of ... sophiscated trade network, this new agriculture（农业） created huge wealth... And these riches were used to built one of the greatest cities in the world. When London still lived in wooden houses, the people in Cordoba had built a cosmopolitan with population of over 100,000, the largest settlement in Europe... 70 libraries, over 300 public bars...
0:32:00 And his great achievement is this. The great mosque of Cordoba. With the floor space, the size of four football...this is the largest mosque in western Islam...the forest of 600 marble columns, dispear in distance, creating a mathematic infinity effect. All the columns and arches balanced on the top one another. Its shell-shape planisher has an extraordinary acoustic（声学效果）, make anywere spoken inside audible to the entire congregation...
0:38:00 ... There is no evidence of force to convert（宗教皈依）at all... Islam is a culture of innovation, isn't it? ... The Islamization in Spain did more than change the name of God that people worship, people converted, because this is a religion which had something to offer them, it had wealth, it had social structure, it had intellecture power...The Arabs brought in one innovation that did more than any others to change the culture makeup in Europe. It's this: PAPER（纸）. The idea, centainly from Chinese, by trade exchange, and it's revolutionary technology...
1:06:40 The Spanish are simply creating history. They turn the history into fable...
1:13:28 That's not the story you hear, is that? No, I think the history is much more interesting than that history you hear... So the Christian come, he didn't force Muslim he controled to convert... No, No, we can not see a process of conversion（宗教皈依）, it's a process of trial and error, people gaining land, gaining prestiges... We are painting now that everything is religion's ideology, but it's not... So the religion is a convenience of excuse, rather than a driving force... Absolutely, the religion is always an excuse...
1:13:28 And what happened when Christian began to take over, exposes a curious respect to Muslim culture...The conqueror has been conquered by the culture...
1:14:00 Something incredible was to happen, which fires the mind of Europeans, and expanded our intellecture horizon... Al-Andalus was the center of one of the most infulencential shift of thinking that Europe had never seen. Between Middle Ages and Modern Era, Europe went through a massive intellecture and culture revolution. This shift known as Renaissance（文艺复兴） transformed human experience, it pumped the inspiration of science and arts, changed the ways men and women saw themselves in relation to God. The Renaissance and scientific revolution followed were a critical stage of development of Europe. The origin of Renaissance was generally believed align in Italy. This classics has a huge impact to our art and culture. But the foundations that Renaissance were laid much earlier, not in Italy, but in a town called Toledo（托莱多，西班牙） in Islamic Spain...
1:20:00 This Spanish Latin text which dated around Year 986 AD, we have the first example of Arabic numeral written in Europe. Here they are:1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,...
1:30:00 ...the most extreme form of religious control that Europe had ever known - the Inquisition... In 1526, the Spanish Inquisition came to Granada, to deal with Muslim problem. Muslims were labeled Heretics（异教徒），and given three choices: convert, leave the country, or be punished.
1:37:00 Spain's troubled relationship with the Muslim past continued to 20th century. Dictator Franco（独裁者弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥） invented his own version of his country's heritage... if not delete it, he want to forget about it... this is the political use of the history...
1:39:00 For a very long time, people have protested and urged that history be truthfuly doubt, they've not felt this nonsense. But this is an inheritance of Inquisition（宗教裁判所）, the Inquisition character is live and well. I can tell you one thing, Spanish people has a tendency to prevent others from speak their mind, a tendency to try and control the way others behave and think. You can be sure that when you are trying speak the truth, you pay for it!（聆听最后这句处变不惊、掷地有声的箴言，怎不令人拍案叫绝？！）
1:40:00 And so, Al-Andalus（安达卢斯） fell. East became East, and West became West, two distinct cultures, politically and religiously devided. And yet, what history the more shows, is that these two cultures are also linked in ways that we might never have imaged. The West has been inspired by Islam. But, more than that, it was in a very active fighting the Muslims, that Europe consolidated its identity.
When we started, Christopher Columbus（克里斯托弗·哥伦布）was setting sail for a new world. And when he pointed his boat westward, Spain aligned herself with him, turning away from East, the Muslims had been fought and now what been forgotten. As time went by, memory of Islamic past were moded, until they become a more conforting story book version of history, this is a case where the truth really is strange and fiction, the story of Al-Andalus isn't a simple tale of good vs. bad, East vs. West, it's trigering(?) and complicated, it's brilliant and bruteful, it's very human, and it's very messy. And it's precisely for that reason, it needs to be remembered, not written and answered in history book.
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