南岛民族源于大陆百越

一项最新的研究成果证实：遍及两大洋的南岛居民，可能直接源于中国大陆的百越民
族，而并没有通过台湾岛进行迁徙。这项关于《南岛西部人群和侗台人群的父系紧
密遗传关系》的研究，由复旦大学现代人类学教育部重点实验室与台湾慈济大学、
印尼艾克曼分子生物学研究所、越南顺化医学院、广西医科大学等合作完成，其成
果发表在英国出版的《生物医学中心进化生物学》杂志上。

南岛语系分布于东南亚、太平洋和印度洋的大部分地区。依据其中语言的相似性，南
岛语系划分为马来-波利尼西亚语族和台湾语族。语言相似性的分析也得出了台湾作
为马来波利族群故乡的假说，这一假说在民族学、语言学、考古学和遗传学界广受
争议。普遍认为，东部南岛人群（密克罗尼西亚和波利尼西亚）是起源于西部南岛
人群（东南亚群岛区马来族群和台湾族群）的，而大陆的侗台族群则极可能是所有
南岛人群的源头。
本文中，我们研究了中国的30个侗傣群体、印尼和越南的23个马来群体以及11个台
湾原住群体的1509个Y染色体样本，分析了20个SNP和7个STR位点。这三个类群在父
系谱系上显示了极大的相似性。混合分析显示侗傣群体几乎没有受到汉族的遗传影
响，而他们在印尼的马来族群中所占的遗传贡献则最高。大部分的群体样本含有高
频的O1a-M119单倍群，这一单倍群在其他民族类群中几乎不存在。O1a的STR网络结
果显示印尼的谱系并不是如语言学的估计那样来自台湾原住民，而是直接来自于侗
傣族群。
本文指出，与台湾原乡论的假说相反，东南亚群岛区的马来族群在父系遗传谱系上
并不起源于台湾。而且，证据显示台湾原住民和印尼群体在父系上都源于侗台族群。
这两个群体的起源是相互独立的事件。我们的结果提示，遗传学支持一个包括台湾
原住民、侗台族群和马来波利族群的大族系的概念。

Abstract
Background
Austronesian is a linguistic family spread in most areas of the Southeast Asia, the Pacific Ocean, and the Indian Ocean. Based on their linguistic similarity, this linguistic family included Malayo-Polynesians and Taiwan aborigines. The linguistic similarity also led to the controversial hypothesis that Taiwan is the homeland of all the Malayo-Polynesians, a hypothesis that has been debated by ethnologists, linguists, archaeologists, and geneticists. It is well accepted that the Eastern Austronesians (Micronesians and Polynesians) derived from the Western Austronesians (Island Southeast Asians and Taiwanese), and that the Daic populations on the mainland are supposed to be the headstream of all the Austronesian populations.

Results
In this report, we studied 20 SNPs and 7 STRs in the non-recombining region of the 1,509 Y chromosomes from 30 China Daic populations, 23 Indonesian and Vietnam Malayo-Polynesian populations, and 11 Taiwan aboriginal populations. These three groups show many resemblances in paternal lineages. Admixture analyses demonstrated that the Daic populations are hardly influenced by Han Chinese genetically, and that they make up the largest proportion of Indonesians. Most of the population samples contain a high frequency of haplogroup O1a-M119, which is nearly absent in other ethnic families. The STR network of haplogroup O1a* illustrated that Indonesian lineages did not derive from Taiwan aborigines as linguistic studies suggest, but from Daic populations.
Conclusion
We show that, in contrast to the Taiwan homeland hypothesis, the Island Southeast Asians do not have a Taiwan origin based on their paternal lineages. Furthermore, we show that both Taiwan aborigines and Indonesians likely derived from the Daic populations based on their paternal lineages. These two populations seem to have evolved independently of each other. Our results indicate that a super-phylum, which includes Taiwan aborigines, Daic, and Malayo-Polynesians, is genetically educible.



全文见
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/8/146

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