试译莎士比亚十四行诗全集前十八首
我现在晒一晒我翻译的莎士比亚十四行诗全集的第前十八首。首先作几点说明:
1. 一般说莎士比亚的前十七首十四行诗自成一组,是莎士比亚献给一位据说是不愿意结婚、很自恋的贵族青年的。“你得赶快结婚生孩子”---这就是这组诗歌的很简单的主题。不过,莎士比亚通过反复用十四行诗吟咏这一主题向这位贵族展示了他的高超的语言艺术。我在这儿加上第十八首,是为了让人看出这一首即是前面一个第1-17首系列的结尾,又是后面第18-129首的开头.
2. 英文的十四行诗,在格律和合韵方面和汉语的七律一样有很严格的要求,一样要有起承转合。不过,虽然英文的十四行诗和汉语的七律在合的方面都只有两行,但前者的起、承、转都是由四行文字组成一个单位,而后者都是两行。我的译文分成四个单位排列,以帮助读者看清原文的文思。
3. 为了在互文性方面接近原文,我的译文每行由五个音节组成。在押韵方面,采取律诗和词、曲中比较常见的一韵到底的做法,主要目的是为了突出原文里的每首诗歌的特定语气和腔调。至于为什么要这么做和是怎么这样做的,我以后会有说明。
4. 文学翻译有很大一部分是做学问。我翻译莎士比亚的十四行诗的主要参考书目如下:
a. StephenBooth, ed. Shakespeare’s Sonnets,Edited with Analytic Commentary. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1977.
b. EricPartridge, Shakespeare’s Bawdy, Routeledge, New York, New York, 1968, ed.
c. Katherine Duncan-Jones ed, Shakespeare’s Sonnets, London, The Arden Shakespeare, 2005.
5. 每篇译文的后面都有对原文的难点的注释,以帮助读者理解原文。这些注释,有些是我自己的心得,有的是出自二手资料。为了简便。我在注释中引述的他人的出处暂时将不会逐一列出。
Sonnet1
1. From fairest creatures we desire increase,
2. That thereby beauty's rose might never die,
3. But as the riper should by time decease,
4. His tender heir might bear his memory:
5. But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes,
6. Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel,
7. Making a famine where abundance lies,
8. Thy self thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel:
9. Thou that art now the world's fresh ornament,
10. And only herald to the gaudy spring,
11. Within thine own bud buriest thy content,
12. And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding:
13. Pity the world, or else this glutton be,
14. To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee.
1
我们希望最美的生灵繁衍多,
这样美的玫瑰会永远不衰败,
不过时光会把老了的性命夺,
因此年轻的后代要把他记妥:
可是你只跟你的亮眼睛签约,
用自身燃料烧着你的光明火,
在丰腴的地方你挨饥又挨饿,
与己为敌残害甜蜜的你自个;
全世界如今是你清新打扮着,
艳丽春光的惟一报春蕾一朵,
其内容都在你的蓓蕾里埋没,
吝啬鬼造成浪费了,嫩小伙。
怜惜这世界吧;否则就这么过,
吃尽世界的份额,你和你坟座。
注:
1. 第一行,From fairest creatures we desire increase, 正常句式是We desire to increase from fairest creature. 为了作诗省略了不定式符号to。这句中的动词increase既有繁衍也有数目不断增长双重意思。所以这句话的意思是说我们都希望从最美的生灵中繁衍成长。
2. 第二行,That thereby beauty's rose might never die在这句里beauty’s rose是作比喻用,并不是实指玫瑰,而是间接又巧妙地指美好的人与其后代,聪明的读者一定会看出这里面的修辞手法。另外,从诗意的多重性来说,诗人在这里把他写诗歌所歌颂的对象称为最美的生灵,同时比作玫瑰,言下之意是说人们都希望像他那样出生高贵又有美德的人多多的繁衍后代;这样他这种人的美质才会长盛不衰。由此而连带出更深一层意思:玫瑰花只是美的外表,而美的实质则是永恒又普遍的。我在《前言》里以经指出,这说法的理论源泉来自柏拉图。请注意,莎士比亚在这里就间接说出了这位“你”是美的实质。这是莎士比亚在开篇就为后面的许多类似作品定下的调子。以后我们可以看出这是莎士比亚用十四行诗歌赞颂这位青年的主调。
3. 第 5 -7 行,根据P,contracted to thine own bright eyes, self-substantial fuel在这里具有强烈的暗示,暗示这位男性本来可以在丰腴的地方找到燃料点亮自己的光明之火,可是他却用自身的燃料自恋和自慰。whereabundance lies是丰腴之地; self-substantial是self-substance (即his own body)的形容词形式,即来自自身的意思。
Sonnet 2
1.When forty winters shall besiege thy brow,
2. And dig deep trenches in thy beauty's field,
3. Thy youth's proud livery so gazed on now,
4. Will be a totter'd weed of small worth held:
5. Then being asked, where all thy beauty lies,
6. Where all the treasure of thy lusty days;
7. To say, within thine own deep sunken eyes,
8. Were an all-eating shame, and thriftless praise.
9. How much more praise deserv'd thy beauty's use,
10. If thou couldst answer 'This fair child of mine
11. Shall sum my count, and make my old excuse,'
12. Proving his beauty by succession thine!
13. This were to be new made when thou art old,
14. And see thy blood warm when thou feel'st it cold.
2
当四十个冬天包围你的眉毛,
在你的美丽原野上深挖战壕,
你青春的骄傲,如今人人爱,
将不值什么就如同一把荒草。
如问到,你的美都去哪儿了,
还有性欲冲动时所有的宝宝,
若说到,都在你的深眼窝里,
吞噬一切的羞耻赞扬也徒劳。
若答曰,‘我这个孩子多美妙
总结我的一生,补偿我的老,‘
证明他的美继承了你的美好,
你的美这么用,赞扬值多少。
这才是新的长大时你已经老,
此身感到冷看到彼身热血跑。
注:
1. 第三行中的 livery 在这里是借代,指高贵的外表,并非是实指表示贵族身份的衣服。
2. 第六行Where all the treasure ofthy lusty days; 贪欲之日的宝贝(thetreasure of thy lusty days)是文雅之词,暗指既让男人贪欲,又传宗接代的东西, 所以称为宝贝,这是与作者同时代流行的说法. 请参见Partridge.
3. 第七行,To say, within thine owndeep sunken eyes, 深陷的眼窝,是借代。综合第六,七这两行的意思是说:贪欲的宝贝都到深深的眼窝里去了。这里面有至少两层意思:一指眼眶里饱含泪水,即自恋;另一层意思是暗示指年轻的贵族把自己当作性爱的对象。
4. 第十一行,make my old excuse = to makereparation (excuse) for my own old age. (See Katherine, p.114)
Sonnet 3
1. Look in thy glass and tell the face thou viewest
2. Now is the time that face should form another;
3. Whose fresh repair if now thou not renewest,
4. Thou dost beguile the world, unbless some mother.
5. For where is she so fair whose unear'd womb
6. Disdains the tillage of thy hu*****andry?
7. Or who is he so fond will be the tomb
8. Of his self-love, to stop posterity?
9. Thou art thy mother's glass and she in thee
10. Calls back the lovely April of her prime;
11. So thou through windows of thine age shalt see,
12. Despite of wrinkles this thy golden time.
13. But if thou live, remember'd not to be,
14. Die single and thine image dies with thee.
3
请照镜子说与镜中脸庞听,
那张脸庞再造一张要赶紧,
清新的形象你如果不换新,
会欺世误人,少人一母亲。
哪有哪位淑女子宫没耕耘,
竟会鄙视你作丈夫耕作勤?
哪有哪位男人自恋如此蠢,
自恋到坟墓,血脉全断尽?
你是一面镜子映照你母亲,
从中她找回她鼎盛四月春;
你应知道等你老去满皱纹,
也能凭窗观看此刻贵如金。
不过如你活着惦记没有人,
你和你的容貌死都是单身。
注:
1. 第一行中的glass,在十四行诗中一般都是指mirror.
2. 第三行,Whose fresh repair if now thou not renewest 是to renew something’s fresh repair这个习惯搭配的变异,即重新把…修葺一新的意思,加强前面的reform(再造一个)的意思。这句话的言下之意是你现在这张脸庞开始显老了,如果现在你还不赶快生个有这张脸庞的孩子,那么以后就生不出来了,世上就少了一份某位女人做母亲的福气。
3. 第四行中的unbless some mother是剥夺某个女人做母亲的福气的意思。
4. 第五行, For where is she so fair whose unear'd womb 中的unear'd 是unploughed的比喻和夸张用法。
5. 第六行,Disdains the tillage of thy hu*****andry中的hu*****andry是个双关,既指辛勤管理农田又指当丈夫。
6. 第七行,fond 有两重意思,一是silly, foolish, 一是loving。
Sonnet 4
1.Unthrifty loveliness, why dost thou spend
2. Upon thy self thy beauty's legacy?
3. Nature's bequest gives nothing, but doth lend,
4. And being frank she lends to those are free:
5. Then, beauteous niggard, why dost thou abuse
6. The bounteous largess given thee to give?
7. Profitless usurer, why dost thou use
8. So great a sum of sums, yet canst not live?
9. For having traffic with thy self alone,
10. Thou of thy self thy sweet self dost deceive:
11. Then how when nature calls thee to be gone,
12. What acceptable audit canst thou leave?
13. Thy unused beauty must be tombed with thee,
14. Which, used, lives th' executor to be.
4
不知节俭的可人,为什么
你继承的美你只用于自己?
老天的馈赠是放贷非白给,
她大方,谁自由就贷给谁:
美丽的吝啬鬼,慷慨给你
让你给的美你为什么浪费?
你贷款不生息,守着金额
一大笔,为什么活不下去?
因为你只跟你自己作交易,
有意把甜蜜的自我自相欺:
所以等到老天召唤你去时,
查你这笔帐你如何查得起?
美丽不用必定与君坟墓随,
如用,就有人活着作承继。
注:
1. 这首诗贯穿着一个构思巧妙又复杂的暗喻。西方的诗歌理论十分看重比喻。柏拉图说过,不会用比喻绝不可能成为诗人而会用比喻则有可能成为诗人。在莎士比亚之前,英文诗歌中的比喻一般只是简单的比喻,即用一物比另一物:如玫瑰般的美人等等。莎士比亚十四行诗中的比喻很多都是复杂的比喻,都是用生活中的某一事件所涉及的复杂关系来比喻作品中某一事件所涉及的许多复杂关系。例如,这首诗歌中的比喻是把娶妻生孩子中的各种重要关系比作是经济生活中的放贷所牵涉到的重要关系。具体的说,就是这个贵族青年的内在和外在美被比作是老天免费赠送的本钱,但这本钱不是只给他自己用,他得放贷。放贷是让钱生钱,结婚是让孩子生孩子,因此生孩子就是帮老天赚钱,让老天的本钱生出利息。这是通过比喻的把这两件事情连接起来的连接点。另外,放贷的目的是让美世代相传,这是这首诗的主题和重点。这种比喻是莎士比亚对英文诗歌的重要贡献。在英文修辞法里有个专门的术语叫作conceit, 我把它译作复杂的比喻。
2. 请注意贯穿于此诗中的庄重又诙谐的语气:你要是不放贷,等你死去时,老天要跟你查账,你会查不起。这种查账相当于宗教中的最后的审判,想到这里会让人在感受庄重气氛时也感受到诙谐的口吻。
3. 第四行中shelends to those are free = those who are free spirited, 根据Booth,没有语法上的错误,是为了方便写诗的变通。另外这个片语是指精神上自由大方的人, 特指文艺复兴时期所倡导的具有独立精神的人,这是美的实质。
5
Those hours, that with gentle work did frame
The lovely gaze where every eye doth dwell,
Will play the tyrants to the very same
And that unfair which fairly doth excel:
For never-resting time leads summer on
To hideous winter and confounds him there;
Sap cheque'd with frost and lusty leaves quite gone,
Beauty o'ersnow'd and bareness every where:
Then, were not summer's distillation left,
A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass,
Beauty's effect with beauty were bereft,
Nor it nor no remembrance what it was:
But flowers distill'd though they with winter meet,
Leese but their show; their substance still lives sweet.
5
那些温柔地度过的时辰,
造就你人人注目的眼神,
会对同一作品行如暴君,
将高超的美同样摧残尽。
因时间诱拐夏日总不停,
拐他到丑恶冬天遭蹂躏;
霜冻物华,馥叶去无痕,
四野光秃,美在雪中隐。
若非夏之精曾经被提纯,
成液体囚徒玻璃管里困,
则美和美的效果都丧尽,
美没了连是啥都记不准:
但花儿遇冬,如被提纯,
则外表虽失,内质甘醇。
注:
1. 第二行,The lovely gaze where中的where 是whereon的省略,意思相当于on which.
2. 第四行,And that unfair whichfairly doth exceed,正常语序是and unfair that which doth fairlyexceed ,这里unfair 是作动词用,剥夺…的美丽的意思,这一行是一个定语从句,修饰第三行里的tyrant。
3. 第九行,Then, were notsummer's distillation left, = were it not for summer’s distillation left, 虚拟语气。请注意,从这里开始到结尾用了从(玫瑰)花朵提出香精做成玫瑰露香水放在玻璃管子中、保存美的精华这一暗喻。而且它还和后面一首相呼应,把射精也比作从玫瑰花朵提取玫瑰露的香精,用以保存美的实质。当然那个玻璃管子也就有了相对的性暗示。
Sonnet 6
Then let not winter's ragged hand deface
In thee thy summer, ere thou be distill'd:
Make sweet some vial; treasure thou some place
With beauty's treasure, ere it be self-kill'd.
That use is not forbidden usury,
Which happies those that pay the willing loan;
That's for thyself to breed another thee,
Or ten times happier, be it ten for one;
Ten times thyself were happier than thou art,
If ten of thine ten times refigured thee:
Then what could death do, if thou shouldst depart,
Leaving thee living in posterity?
Be not self-will'd, for thou art much too fair
To be death's conquest and make worms thine heir.
6
那么你被提精要赶早,别让
冬天的脏手毁了你夏天容貌:
香管准备好,找地方藏好宝,
在美的宝宝自杀之前要赶早。
这么做没犯放高利贷的禁条,
会让那情愿还贷之人乐陶陶;
那是为你自己培育棵幸福苗,
若以一育十,则十倍幸福靠:
你会是位十倍于今的快活佬,
若你之十再十倍把你来复造:
等到你走时死能把你怎么着,
子孙后代你不就活在其中了?
你不要倔强,你实在太美妙,
不能让蛆虫传宗让死给毁掉。
注:
1. 第三和第四行:Make sweet somevial; treasure thou some place/ Withbeauty's treasure, ere it be self-kill'd. 全句的正常语序为(Thou) Make some vial sweet;thou treasure some place with beauty’s treasure. (直译为:你快让条管道生清香,你快用美丽的宝宝让个地方成为宝。管道和某个地方都有性暗示)
2. 第五行,That use is notforbidden usury, “那么放贷没犯法律哪一条”,当时放高利贷是违法行为,见《威尼斯商人》。
3. 第六行,Which happiesthose that pay the willing loan; 中的happies作动词用,make …happy的意思。注意,这一行与前面第四首中的放贷暗喻相呼应,并且诙谐地指出,虽然男性接受老天的贷款,但还贷款利息(即为老天和丈夫生孩子)的是女性,而且她还很高兴。
Sonnet 7
Lo! in the orient when thegracious light
Lifts up his burning head, each under eye
Doth homage to his new-appearing sight,
Serving with looks his sacred majesty;
And having climb'd the steep-up heavenly hill,
Resembling strong youth in his middle age,
Yet mortal looks adore his beauty still,
Attending on his golden pilgrimage:
But when from highmost pitch, with weary car,
Like feeble age, he reeleth from the day,
The eyes, 'fore duteous, now converted are
From his low tract, and look another way:
So thou, thyself outgoing in thy noon
Unlooked on diest unless thou get a son.
7
瞧,东方的那团高雅的灯光
抬起燃烧着的头,看眼底下
人人都拜谒他新出时的景象,
服从他的威严的表情挂脸上;
当他爬升到陡峭的天穹之顶,
已到中年但是仍像青年强壮,
尘世的目光对其美仍然赞赏,
崇拜他跟随着他的金色光芒:
不过当车马疲乏达到顶点后、
他像老人告别白天跌跌撞撞,
人们的眼睛,从前那么虔诚,
如今从他的低轨道转换方向。
你啊,你自己已过正午时光,
没儿子,你死没人守在身旁。
注:
1. 请注意,在这首诗里诗人开始把所爱的人比作太阳。太阳是光,是生命,是美丽和真实的实质,物质的东西只是它的表象。作者将在后来的诗篇中反复颂扬这一点。
2. 第九行,But when from highmost pitch, with weary car,根据希腊神话,太阳是乘着马车每天从东向西巡游。
Sonnet 8
Music to hear, why hear'stthou music sadly?
Sweets with sweets war not, joy delights in joy:
Why lov'st thou that which thou receiv'st not gladly,
Or else receiv'st with pleasure thine annoy?
If the true concord of well-tuned sounds,
By unions married, do offend thine ear,
They do but sweetly chide thee, who confounds
In singleness the parts that thou shouldst bear.
Mark how one string, sweet hu*****and to another,
Strikes each in each by mutual ordering;
Resembling sire and child and happy mother,
Who, all in one, one pleasing note do sing:
Whose speechless song being many, seeming one,
Sings this to thee: 'Thou single wilt prove none.'
8
听汝乐,汝何听乐伤感多?
甜甜不相斗,乐乐互生和:
受之既不乐,乐之又恼火,
热衷于此你为什么这么做?
婚姻为联合,妙音共切磋,
声音和谐如果咯了你耳朵,
一人扮演多重角色你搞错,
甜蜜和声责骂你也不为过。
请看此弦乐为彼弦夫君佐,
互相配合发挥作用互磋磨,
好比父、母、孩子幸福播,
一个整体一个调子共吟哦:
无语歌声多,为君似一歌,
“孤零零你证明不了什么”。
注:
1. 第十四行,'Thou single wilt prove none'。根据Partridge, Among a number one is reckoned none(数目中一可以看作是无意义)。不过,与莎士比亚同时代的诗人Christphor Marlowe 写的诗句:One is no number, maids are nothing then,给这句话加上了男女如果打单身则不会有任何意义的意思。Nothing 因此也暗指不曾有过交媾经验的男女。请参见我在在第136首作的注释。
2. 这首诗歌是用乐器上的两根琴弦合奏奏出的和声来比喻夫妻之间的唱和生出和声(子女)从而像乐器一样奏出全家乐。
Sonnet 9
1. Is it for fear to wet a widow's eye,
2. That thou consum'st thy self in single life?
3. Ah! if thou issueless shalt hap to die,
4. The world will wail thee like a makeless wife;
5. The world will be thy widow and still weep
6. That thou no form of thee hast left behind,
7. When every private widow well may keep
8. By children's eyes, her hu*****and's shape in mind:
9. Look what an unthrift in the world doth spend
10. Shifts but his place, for still the world enjoys it;
11. But beauty's waste hath in the world an end,
12. And kept unused the user so destroys it.
13. No love toward others in that bosom sits
14. That on himself such murd'rous shame commits.
9
是否因为害怕寡妇的泪水长流,
所以你才要打单身将自己毁透?
全世界都会作你的未亡人痛哭,
啊!假如你真的不幸死去无后。
全世界都会是你一个人的寡妇,
都会痛哭你死去之后形影未留,
只不过私人的寡妇看到孩子时
会清晰回忆她丈夫当初的眼眸:
瞧,浪荡子在这世上浪荡个够,
换位置,这世界仍欢迎他回头,
可是这世上美不会被浪费不完,
美毁在把不用当作用的人之手。
谁要是对自己这般谋杀一样羞,
谁胸中对他人的爱就根本没有。
注:
1. 第四行,a makeless wife = a mateless wife,
Sonnet 10
1.For shame deny that thoubear'st love to any,
2. Who for thy self art so unprovident.
3. Grant, if thou wilt, thou art beloved of many,
4. But that thou none lov'st is most evident:
5. For thou art so possessed with murderous hate,
6. That 'gainst thy self thou stick'st not to conspire,
7. Seeking that beauteous roof to ruinate
8. Which to repair should be thy chief desire.
9. O! change thy thought, that I may change my mind:
10. Shall hate be fairer lodged than gentle love?
11. Be, as thy presence is, gracious and kind,
12. Or to thyself at least kind-hearted prove:
13. Make thee another self for love of me,
14. That beauty still may live in thine or thee.
10
否认爱任何人真是好不知羞,
对待自己你竟如此不知绸缪,
如不弃,假定多人爱你可否,
但这些人你都不爱最为荒谬:
因为你恨自己恨的中了魔咒,
巧设局谋害自己你毫不停留,
一根棍捣你的华屋捣到腐朽,
好好的维修本该是万念之首。
改变想法吧,我好改变念头,
难道恨之居真美过爱巢温柔?
学你的举止,你要大方善良,
对你自己你至少得善良心有。
为爱我赶快将另一个你造就,
美才有活于你后代中的时候。
注:
1. 根据Partridge, 第六和第七行, That ‘gainst thy self thou stick’st not toconspire/ Seeking that beauteous roof to ruinate,这两行中,stick 作动词有两义,1) stick’st not是don’t hesitate 的意思,这样就读作thou stickst not to conspire againstthyself; 2)stick 作动词表示用棍子(注意这里面的性暗示)鼓捣,这样就读作thou stick against thyself not to conspire, 你设局用棒捣你自己,就是暗地里你搞自慰。
2. 第七行, Seeking that beauteous roof to ruinate注意Ruinate 与urinate(排尿)相比,只变两个相同字母的位置。
3. 第十三行,Make thee anotherself for love of me 中的for love of me(为爱我),是第一次向对方求爱。被怀疑是同性恋。
Sonnet 11
1. As fast as thou shaltwane, so fast thou grow'st
2. In one of thine, from that which thou departest;
3. And that fresh blood which youngly thou bestow'st,
4. Thou mayst call thine when thou from youth convertest.
5. Herein lives wisdom, beauty, and increase;
6. Without this folly, age, and cold decay:
7. If all were minded so, the times should cease
8. And threescore year would make the world away.
9. Let those whom nature hath not made for store,
10. Harsh, featureless, and rude, barrenly perish:
11. Look whom she best endowed, she gave the more;
12. Which bounteous gift thou shouldst in bounty cherish:
13. She carved thee for her seal, and meant thereby,
14. Thou shouldst print more, not let that copy die.
11
你将很快衰老,你在后代里也将
同样快成长,然后告别后代消亡,
当你度过了青春,你年轻的时候
授予的新鲜骨血可说成你的一样。
那里面活着智慧、美丽、和成长,
没有骨血则是愚蠢,衰老和消亡,
如果都跟你同样想,时代会停止,
六十年很可能把这个世界消灭光。
就让那些生来老天不让传宗的人,
死去无子嗣、粗鲁、困苦、肮脏,
老天给谁天赋越多就越多的获奖,
她给了你那么多的天赋你要珍藏。
她把你刻成她的图章,是这么想,
别让那形模死去,你得多多盖章。
注:
1. 第七行,If all were mindedso (如果都跟你想),即如果都跟你一样不想娶妻生子。
2. 第九行,Let those whomnature hath not made for store中的store是莎士比亚在他的作品中反复使用的字眼,作selectionand production of the best of a species解,选种、传宗接代的意思。请参见我在第十四首里的注释。
3. Which bounteous gift thou shouldst in bounty cherish: “丰富礼物该在丰富藏” 即要他多生孩子,以便让自然送给他的美代代相传。
Sonnet 12
1. When I do count the clock that tells the time,
2. And see the brave day sunk in hideous night;
3. When I behold the violet past prime,
4. And sable curls, all silvered o'er with white;
5. When lofty trees I see barren of leaves,
6. Which erst from heat did canopy the herd,
7. And summer's green all girded up in sheaves,
8. Borne on the bier with white and bristly beard,
9. Then of thy beauty do I question make,
10. That thou among the wastes of time must go,
11. Since sweets and beauties do themselves forsake
12. And die as fast as they see others grow;
13. And nothing 'gainst Time's scythe can make defence
14. Save breed, to brave him when he takes thee hence.
12
当我数着钟声跟着报时间,
看着白天沉入可憎的夜晚,
当我看见紫罗兰不再盛开,
看见乌黑的卷发银白发卷;
当我看见高木光秃着枝干,
过去曾是牛羊乘凉的华冠,
夏日的青禾割成捆捆麦秸,
白胡子拉碴般堆棺材上面,
于是对你的美丽我得诘难,
既然甜和美都是自我了断,
己之死彼之生发展同样快,
为什么跟时间的垃圾作伴?
谁都难挡时间的镰刀弯弯,
来割你时要抗争只有繁衍。
注:
1. And die asfast as they see others grow 在 As fast as不是字面意思,而是为了合乎抑扬格的诗律,变其意为when they grow to death they see to it thatothers grow up .
2. 在这里诗人把结婚生子上升到了道德高度,指出人们把生命传给后代,和树木为牛羊遮荫,麦子老去为人食用一样,在自己死去的同时做到了让其它生灵获得生命。美好的东西在死去时都能做到这一点,你这么美,为什么做不到这一点呢?为什么你死去时要和那些浪费了时间的废物为伴呢?这是很有力度的道德美的问题。更重要的是,诗人在这里认为生死为一,都是美这抽象概念的意志的表现。
Sonnet 13
1. O! that you were your self; but, love, you are
2. No longer yours, than you your self here live:
3. Against this coming end you should prepare,
4. And your sweet semblance to some other give:
5. So should that beauty which you hold in lease
6. Find no determination; then you were
7. Yourself again, after yourself's decease,
8. When your sweet issue your sweet form should bear.
9. Who lets so fair a house fall to decay,
10. Which hu*****andry in honour might uphold,
11. Against the stormy gusts of winter's day
12. And barren rage of death's eternal cold?
13. O! none but unthrifts. Dear my love, you know,
14. You had a father: let your son say so.
13
啊多希望你是你自己,亲爱的,
你不再是自己,正如你活在此;
为将来的这结局你应作好准备,
整出个人长相与甜美的你相似:
这样你签租约租赁到手的美丽
就不会到期,而你的甜美后裔
将承载着你具有的甜美的形象,
这样你自己死后你仍有你自己。
支撑华屋抵御冬天阵阵狂风吹,
还有那死亡的永恒荒凉和暴戾,
这本是勤勉做丈夫的光荣责任,
有谁会放任这屋子坍塌成腐泥?
只有败家子!你知道,亲爱的,
你有父:这话要让儿子说得起。
注:
1. 第十行,Whichhu*****andry in honour might uphold, 请注意莎士比亚多次使用hu*****andry 这个词。此字在英文中有家产管理、耕耘、务农和丈夫的身份等多种意思,在这里也有以上多重意思,并不只是做丈夫的意思。
Sonnet 14
1. Not from the stars do I myjudgement pluck;
2. And yet methinks I have Astronomy,
3. But not to tell of good or evil luck,
4. Of plagues, of dearths, or seasons' quality;
5. Nor can I fortune to brief minutes tell,
6. Pointing to each his thunder, rain and wind,
7. Or say with princes if it shall go well
8. By oft predict that I in heaven find:
9. But from thine eyes my knowledge I derive,
10. And, constant stars, in them I read such art
11. As truth and beauty shall together thrive,
12. If from thyself, to store thou wouldst convert;
13. Or else of thee this I prognosticate:
14. Thy end is truth's and beauty's doom and date.
14
我并非根据星星占卜未来,
但我认为我已掌握星相术,
可是我不预报运气的好歹、
瘟疫、灾荒、节气的好坏;
我也不报某人的风雨雷电,
把命运中的分秒简单编排,
或者常观天像以准确预报
王孙公子是否受命运青睐;
而是从你眼中我学习成才,
点点恒星啊,我从中看到
真和美都昌盛的艺术光彩,
只是你要从自己想到后代。
否则我这样为你预报未来,
你死之日真和美与你同埋!
注:
1. 第十二行If from thyself,to store thou wouldst convert,正常语序是If thouwouldst convert from theyself to store,只要你把注意力从你个人转向传宗接代。这里的if 是only if的简写。另外,store是名词,作选育良种(selection and production of the best of aspecies) 解。和第十一首第九行Let those whom nature hath not made for store 中的store同义。
Sonnet 15
1. When I consider everything that grows
2. Holds in perfection but a little moment,
3. That this huge stage presenteth nought but shows
4. Whereon the stars in secret influence comment;
5. When I perceive that men as plants increase,
6. Cheered and checked even by the self-same sky,
7. Vaunt in their youthful sap, at height decrease,
8. And wear their brave state out of memory;
9. Then the conceit of this inconstant stay
10. Sets you most rich in youth before my sight,
11. Where wasteful Time debateth with decay
12. To change your day of youth to sullied night,
13. And all in war with Time for love of you,
14. As he takes from you, I engraft you new.
15
每当我考虑到万物的生长
其完美只不过是短暂一时,
巨大的舞台只是摆摆样子,
星属早已给台上悄定消息;
又念及到人们如草木繁殖,
在同一片天空下时乐时息,
炫耀青春血气,衰于极盛,
直到当年勇再没有人提起;
于是这一永不休止的构思,
在我眼前出现你青春亮丽,
还有蹉跎和腐朽正在辩论,
要把你青春日变成夜如漆,
为爱你,万物在与时间争执,
来抓你,我把你嫁接上新枝。
注:
1. 第五行When I perceive that men asplants increase中的increase和第一首第一行的increase同义,主要意思是繁殖。
2. 第九行Then the conceit of thisinconstant stay中的conceit是精巧的构思或夸张的想象的意思。第10—14行就是这个conceit的内容。若要进一步了解英语文学中的conceit,请阅读莎士比亚几乎是同时代的John Donne。
Sonnet 16
1.But wherefore do not you a mightier way
2. Make war upon this bloody tyrant, Time?
3. And fortify your self in your decay
4. With means more blessed than my barren rhyme?
5. Now stand you on the top of happy hours,
6. And many maiden gardens, yet unset,
7. With virtuous wish would bear you living flowers,
8. Much liker than your painted counterfeit:
9. So should the lines of life that life repair,
10. Which this, Time's pencil, or my pupil pen,
11. Neither in inward worth nor outward fair,
12. Can make you live your self in eyes of men.
13. To give away yourself, keeps yourself still,
14. And you must live, drawn by your own sweet skill.
16
那你何不采取办法更强大,
与嗜血暴君---时间—厮杀,
边老去边为自己修筑城堡,
比我这空洞诗行幸福有加?
你幸福在于你的鼎盛年华,
许多处女园,还没种播撒,
怀德馨都愿为你结籽开花,
要比你的肖像画只真不假:
如果生命将谱系这般规划,
时间的工笔与我学的笔法,
都画不了你活在世人眼里,
活生生的外美内美美无价。
献出你自己,仍葆你自家,
你活着,美妙你自己描画。
注:
1. 第八行中的Much liker为much more like you 之简省写法 。
2. 第十行 Which this,Time's pencil, or my pupil pen中的this 无论在语法功能还是语义上都是个很有争议的词。但是多数人认为this后面的逗号是编辑上的技术错误,正确的句子标点应该是 which thistime’s pencil, or my pupil pen。
Sonnet 17
1. Who will believe my verse in time to come,
2. If it were filled with your most high deserts?
3. Though yet heaven knows it is but as a tomb
4. Which hides your life, and shows not half your parts.
5. If I could write the beauty of your eyes,
6. And in fresh numbers number all your graces,
7. The age to come would say 'This poet lies;
8. Such heavenly touches ne'er touched earthly faces.'
9. So should my papers, yellowed with their age,
10. Be scorned, like old men of less truth than tongue,
11. And your true rights be termed a poet's rage
12. And stretched metre of an antique song:
13. But were some child of yours alive that time,
14. You should live twice, in it, and in my rhyme.
17
如都是对你美德的最高称赞,
将来会有谁相信我写的诗篇?
虽然天知道它像葬你的坟墓,
远没有彰显出一半你的才干。
要是我能描写你眼睛的美丽,
并吟诵你的美德以格律新鲜,
“诗人是骗子”,后人会这么说,
“天使绝不会抚摸土佬的脸”。
所以这些诗页会随岁月发黄,
被人讥为老人一样话长理短,
你的真实会看成诗人的疯癫,
或者一支古老的歌格律强牵。
但是如你孩子活在那段时间,
在孩子,我诗中,你活两遍。
注:
1. 第六行And in freshnumbers number all your graces 中的freshnumbers = fresh verses.
Sonnet 18
1. Shall Icompare thee to a summer's day?
2. Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
3. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
4. And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
5. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
6. And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
7. And every fair from fair sometime declines,
8. By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:
9. But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
10. Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,
11. Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
12. When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,
13. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
14. So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
18
把你比作夏日该如何比起?
你秉性更温和容貌更美丽:
风刮五月的娇蕾哪有怜惜,
夏季也只是太短一段租期。
明亮的眼在天也有太热时,
金色面容也常让乌云遮蔽,
无论是偶然还是必然规律,
凡是美都是从美丽中衰退。
但你将与时间永生于此诗,
你的夏天将永葆风采如昔,
你不会失去你拥有的美丽,
死炫耀不了你在它的影里。
只要眼还能看,人还能呼吸,
诗还活着,就将生命赋予你。
注:
1. 第一行Shall Icompare thee to a summer's day? 中的Shall I 在这里的含蓄意思是,明知有困难却仍要做某事,于是自己给自己打气说:“我做……该怎么做起?”
2. And summer'slease hath all too short a date 这个租期和前面的第四首的租期是同一个道理,即美好的东西,如夏天和美人,都是从上天那儿租来的,人们得给上天还利息。
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