▲美国众议员近期提案,主张授权美国当局管制人工智慧(AI)及国安相关新兴科技对敌国的出口。
跨党派美国众议员近期提案,主张授权美国当局管制人工智慧(AI)及国安相关新兴科技对敌国的出口,以免被用于对美发动网攻。中国可能将AI用于准备对台战争也是提案考量之一。
美国众议院美中战略竞争特别委员会主席、共和党籍穆勒纳尔(John Moolenaar)、民主党首席议员克利什纳穆希(Raja
Krishnamoorthi),外交委员会主席、共和党籍的麦考尔(Michael McCaul)、民主党籍众议员魏德(Susan
Wild)上周提出「加强海外关键出口框架法案」(Enhancing National Frameworks for Overseas
Critical Exports Act,暂译)。
美中战略竞争特别委员会13日发布新闻稿指出,法案将赋予商务部工业暨安全局(Bureau of Industry and
Security)扩大实施出口管制的权限,避免AI及与国安相关的新兴科技流入与美国敌对的国家,让2018出口管制改革法案(Export
Control Reform Act of 2018)更符合现代需求。
根据新闻稿,美国国会美中经济暨安全审查委员会(United States–China Economic and Security
Review
Commission)曾在报告指出,中国正把商业AI运用于发展其军事能力,以便为可能爆发的台海战争做准备。这也是促使跨党派议员提出「加强海外关键出口框架法案」的原因之一。
穆勒纳尔指出,这项提案将保护美国人民,防止创新技术落入敌人手中。
根据新闻稿,工业暨安全局目前有权可否决先进半导体生产设备、及运用于AI系统的先进半导体出口,但没有管制AI系统出口的明确法律权限。这代表一间顶尖的美国AI公司能把它最强大的AI系统卖给中国,甚至不需要申请许可。
克利什纳穆希说,如果不行动,未来AI系统可能被运用于对美国发动网路攻击。这个法案将能确保工业暨安全局有必要权限,能应对AI、技术转移带来的风险,也确保美国技术、研究员或公司不会把相关技术提供中国或其他警察国家。
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