人生的三大境界

人生的三大境界

王国维在他的《人间词话》中说, 对于成就大事业和大学问的人, 人生有三种境界 .

第一境界: 昨夜西风凋碧树, 独上高楼, 望尽天涯路。
第二境界: 一带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。
第三境界：众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处。

读读那三首词，看看有什么体会。

1.【鹊踏枝】宋◆晏殊

槛菊愁烟兰泣露，
罗幕轻寒，燕子双飞去。
明月不谙离恨苦，斜光到晓穿朱户。

昨夜西风凋碧树，
独上西楼，望尽天涯路。
欲寄彩笺兼尺素，山长水阔知何处。

【Que Ta Zhi 】by Yan Shu

The anxious mist around chrysanths in the railing,
Dew on the weeping orchid like teardrops.
Light coldness comes through the silk drapes,
The swallows flew away in pairs.
The bright moon never comprehends the suffering to part,
While its light oblique through the red gate till daybreak.

Green leaves faded in the west wind last night,
Alone I mount the west tower,
And look over the road all to the end of sky.
I want to write all my feelings in a letter,
Where she is, how could I know
Beyond the stretched mountains and waters broad.

2. 【蝶恋花】宋◆柳咏

伫倚危楼风细细，
望极春愁，黯黯生天际。
草色烟光残照里，无言谁会凭阑意。

拟把疏狂图一醉，
对酒当歌，强乐还无味。
一带见宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴 。

【Die Lian Hua 】 by Liu Yong

Leaning on wall in a high tower in the slender wind,
I hope to end the sorrow in the spring,
But gloomy clouds are rising on the horizon.
In the grass colour and the setting sun through the mist,
Who knows my mind when I am on a rail with no word.

With a purpose to unbridle and intoxicate,
Right in front of wine, I have to sing,
And enforce myself to joy even it’s insipid.
Languishing for her, I never ever repent
The waxing belt and my wan countenance.

3. 【青玉案】宋◆辛弃疾

东风夜放花千树。
更吹落、星如雨。
宝马雕车香满路。
凤箫声动，玉壶光转，一夜鱼龙舞。

蛾儿雪柳黄金缕。
笑语盈盈暗香去。
众里寻他千百度。
蓦然回首，那人却在，灯火阑珊处。

【Qing Yu Wan 】by Xin Qiji

It's like blossoms in thousand trees in evening the east wind flourishes,
Also like falling stars blown off in a meteor shower.
Superb horses and carriages pass in the fragrant street.
Music of row-flute like the phoenix wing resounds
The shifting moon in a jade plate shines,
Lanterns of fish and dragon dance through the night.

Wearing butterflies, silver willow twigs and gold wisps,
Girls of lovely bearing smile, chat, and bring along faint fragrance.
I look for that person in crowds in numerous times,
Just at my sudden turn-round, there she is ，
She was yet in the waning lights.

在没读王国维的诗评时，多次囫囵吞枣地读过这三首词，但它们的深层含义 未曾仔细琢磨 过。倒是在译成英语的过程中，思前想后，为了把没有顺序和逻辑的中文翻成有顺序，有逻辑的英文语句，就不得不探究其中表层和深层上的含义。

晏殊在《鹊踏枝》词里，暗述了一个“确立高远的理想，从而执着地追求”的境界。三句话的头一句，是常发生的事，春花秋月的美景都逐渐地过去了。树叶，这个春天萌发时生命的象征，也一夜之间飘零了，冬天要来了，比喻逆境出现在眼前。人们免不了要悲观，失望，不知所错。下一句的“独”有很多场景，也许你从事着周围人不曾问津的事情，前面没人带你，左右没人帮你，你又不甘随波逐流，只得孤独前行。俗话说：“站得高，望得远。” 登上高楼，或站在山头，都是望远的条件。最后一句是人生的经典，“望尽”就是要看清看透，大彻大悟地明白这个世界。如果是“看破”（红尘），那么做消极的事情就会多些。人的一生，从头到尾，早被两千年前的孔子论断了：" 吾十有五而志于学,  三十而立, 四十而不惑, 五十而知天命, 六十而耳顺, 七十而从心所欲, 不逾矩。"  “天涯路”就在你眼前，在你脚下，是今后一辈子要走的路。“涯”使我想起老子的：“吾生也有涯，而知也无涯，以有涯随无涯，殆已。”（意思是用自己的有限生命去追无限知识，你会危险，会落得精疲力竭。）孔子乐观，而老子有些悲观，而晏殊则是积极中带着中立。就像“师傅引进门，修行在个人。”在通往天涯的路上，有一个永恒的话题叫欲望。它总是围绕着三个方面在不停地转：“钱、权、性”。钱是泛指衣食住行。

柳咏在《蝶恋花》里，表达了“人类对爱情执着追求的无怨无悔精神”。这是他在经历种种迷惘和痛苦之后的彻悟之语 。柳咏这个人是个怪才。如果把执着追求的对象换成信仰、学业、事业，那么话题就太多太多了。辛弃疾在《青玉案》里，塑造了一个“不幕荣华，甘守寂寞的理想人格”。

你觉得王国维三境界说是真知灼见吗？

3 realms of a life

In his book 《 On Poems in the World 》, Wang Guowei advocates that there are 3 realms in one's life for those to achieve a great career or cause and those to be a great learned man in pursuing one's studies.

1^st realm is: Green leaves faded in the west wind last night. Alone I mount the west tower and look over the road all to the end of sky.

2^nd realm is: Languishing for her, I never ever repent the waxing belt and my wan countenance.

3^rd realm is: I look for that person in crowds in numerous times, just at my sudden turn-round, there she is ， s he was yet in the waning lights.

Go to read the three poems and see what you can grab.