zt : 意象壮美 意境高远

意象壮美　意境高远 　 ──毛泽东《沁园春·长沙》赏析 　 裘曙洁 　 　 　　“意象”是我国古典美学中的一个术语，它包括“意”和“象”两方面的内容。这里的“意”指的是创作主体的思想感情，这里的“象”指的是作为创作客体的客观物象。诗歌的意象就是诗人的思想感情与客观物象的融合，而意境则是诗人通过种种意象的创造和组合所构成的一种充满诗意的艺术境界。毛泽东《沁园春·长沙》这首词不仅内容丰富，而且气势磅礴，画面壮阔，意象壮美，意境高远。笔者认为，如果从意象美的角度去赏析这首词，对准确把握这首词的思想内容及艺术特色也许能另辟一径。 　　《沁园春·长沙》一词的意象美突出表现在景物的选取上，作者视野开阔，选取的景物或广博，或宏伟，或雄峻。以上阕“看”字所总领的几句词为例，有山上的“层林”，有江中的“百舸”，有空中的雄鹰，有水底的游鱼。而从景物的状态看，有静态的火红的枫林，有动态的“争流”的“百舸”等。作者从远望到近观，从仰视到俯瞰，天长地阔，山红水绿，“笼天地于形内，挫万物于笔端”（陆机《文赋》）。 　　作者对景物的选取，在很大程度上是制约于立意的，古代文人墨客的“悲秋”“伤秋”“叹秋”等诗文就正是由他们特定的“意”所决定的。譬如，马致远的《天净沙·秋思》将“意”立在“断肠人在天涯”，所选之“象”便自然是“枯藤”“老树”“昏鸦”“瘦马”等；杜甫的《登高》将“意”立在“万里悲秋”“艰难苦恨’：上，所取之“象”也自然离不开那“哀猿”“落木”等。毛泽东的立意积极向上，昂扬奋进，他所取的“象”，就自然是那些竞相向上、生机勃勃的景物了，如万山、层林、百舸、雄鹰、游鱼等。 　　《沁园春·长沙》一词的意象美还表现在意象的表达上。意象的选择固然很重要，但意象的表达则更应别具匠心。诗人笔下的意象不应是客观的白描，而应是“灌注了生气的形象”（康德语），毛泽东在《沁园春·长沙》中为了给选取的客观物象“灌注”更多的生气，很注重意象的表达，如上阕中“看”字所总领的一组意象群，其中“万山红遍”“层林尽染”“漫江碧透”中的“万”“层”“漫”以及“遍”“尽”“透”这些词在范围、程度、层次等方面，使红绿两色更为突出，更为丰富，更为浓艳鲜明，令人感到可爱。诗人除了表现山红水绿的静景的优美外，还着意描写事物动态的壮美，“百舸争流”中的“争”字，给碧绿无尘的江面增加了昂扬奋进的气氛，活现出千帆竞发、争先恐后的热烈场面。“鹰击长空”“鱼翔浅底”中，由于“击”“翔”这两个富有创造性和表现力的动词的运用，准确而生动地刻画出了在万里长空中鹰飞的矫健和在清澈见底的江水中鱼游的欢愉自在，如果把“击”“翔”换作“飞”“游”，就表达不出雄鹰展翅飞翔时矫健有力的姿态，表达不出鱼游水中那轻快自在的情趣。诗人在“万类霜天竞自由”中用一个“竟”字，则有力地突出了在寒秋严霜下的万物蓬勃旺盛的生命力，让人感受到诗人对大自然的无限热爱和由衷赞美。 　　《沁园春·长沙》一词的意象美表现在意象的组合上。诗词中的意境内涵不仅包蕴在一个个意象之中，更体现在意象的组合关系之中。诗人们写诗，往往将一个个单一的意象按照美的规律，组成有机的、有时空距离的、有层次的画面，使其产生连贯、对比、烘托、暗示等作用，向读者展示绚丽多彩的生活图景，传达丰富多彩的思想感情。诗人们常用多种方式来实现意象的组合，毛泽东在《沁园春·长沙》中主要采用并置式和辐射式两种方式。诗词意象的并置，如同电影镜头的蒙太奇组接，主要将单个的意象以并列的形式相互并置在一起，从而形成全词整体的“复象美”，亦即组合美。如上阕中“看”字所总领的一组意象群，从整体上看都是并列关系，诗人以并置的手法将意象组合在一起，并且注意动静搭配，远近结合，从而构成一幅色彩绚丽的“湘江秋色图”。又如词的下阕中所回忆的往昔生活，也是两两并置，突出了年轻的革命者奋发向上、敢作敢为的精神，为我们描绘了一幅幅生气勃勃的“少年学子图”。 　　诗词意象的辐射，即在群体意象中以一意象为中心并由此向四周“辐射”而形成一个意象群。仍以上阕“看”字所总领的七句为例，“万山”“层林”“百舸”“雄鹰”“游鱼”等意象则是在中心意象“万类霜天”的辐射下形成的，下阕中的“指点江山，激扬文字”这两个并置的复合意象也是在“风华正茂”的“同学少年”的辐射下形成的。而从全词看，中心意象应该是“独立寒秋”的“我”，其他意象则是在这一中心意象的“辐射”下形成的。在这里，胸怀博大的看风景人也便成了“风景”，这是一幅气势磅礴的“伟人图”呵! 　　毛泽东在《沁园春·长沙》中，由于选取物象典型，表达意象生动，组合意象巧妙，创造出了高远的意境，形成了一幅幅壮阔的画面，使得这首词具有很强的审美效应。 　 　 Translation: Chinese » English 意象壮美　意境高远 　 ──毛泽东《沁园春·长沙》赏析 　 裘曙洁 　 　 　　“意象”是我国古典美学中的一个术语，它包括“意”和“象”两方面的内容。这里的“意”指的是创作主体的思想感情，这里的“象”指的是作为创作客体的客观物象。诗歌的意象就是诗人的思想感情与客观物象的融合，而意境则是诗人通过种种意象的创造和组合所构成的一种充满诗意的艺术境界。毛泽东《沁园春·长沙》这首词不仅内容丰富，而且气势磅礴，画面壮阔，意象壮美，意境高远。笔者认为，如果从意象美的角度去赏析这首词，对准确把握这首词的思想内容及艺术特色也许能另辟一径。 　　《沁园春·长沙》一词的意象美突出表现在景物的选取上，作者视野开阔，选取的景物或广博，或宏伟，或雄峻。以上阕“看”字所总领的几句词为例，有山上的“层林”，有江中的“百舸”，有空中的雄鹰，有水底的游鱼。而从景物的状态看，有静态的火红的枫林，有动态的“争流”的“百舸”等。作者从远望到近观，从仰视到俯瞰，天长地阔，山红水绿，“笼天地于形内，挫万物于笔端”（陆机《文赋》）。 　　作者对景物的选取，在很大程度上是制约于立意的，古代文人墨客的“悲秋”“伤秋”“叹秋”等诗文就正是由他们特定的“意”所决定的。譬如，马致远的《天净沙·秋思》将“意”立在“断肠人在天涯”，所选之“象”便自然是“枯藤”“老树”“昏鸦”“瘦马”等；杜甫的《登高》将“意”立在“万里悲秋”“艰难苦恨’：上，所取之“象”也自然离不开那“哀猿”“落木”等。毛泽东的立意积极向上，昂扬奋进，他所取的“象”，就自然是那些竞相向上、生机勃勃的景物了，如万山、层林、百舸、雄鹰、游鱼等。 　　《沁园春·长沙》一词的意象美还表现在意象的表达上。意象的选择固然很重要，但意象的表达则更应别具匠心。诗人笔下的意象不应是客观的白描，而应是“灌注了生气的形象”（康德语），毛泽东在《沁园春·长沙》中为了给选取的客观物象“灌注”更多的生气，很注重意象的表达，如上阕中“看”字所总领的一组意象群，其中“万山红遍”“层林尽染”“漫江碧透”中的“万”“层”“漫”以及“遍”“尽”“透”这些词在范围、程度、层次等方面，使红绿两色更为突出，更为丰富，更为浓艳鲜明，令人感到可爱。诗人除了表现山红水绿的静景的优美外，还着意描写事物动态的壮美，“百舸争流”中的“争”字，给碧绿无尘的江面增加了昂扬奋进的气氛，活现出千帆竞发、争先恐后的热烈场面。“鹰击长空”“鱼翔浅底”中，由于“击”“翔”这两个富有创造性和表现力的动词的运用，准确而生动地刻画出了在万里长空中鹰飞的矫健和在清澈见底的江水中鱼游的欢愉自在，如果把“击”“翔”换作“飞”“游”，就表达不出雄鹰展翅飞翔时矫健有力的姿态，表达不出鱼游水中那轻快自在的情趣。诗人在“万类霜天竞自由”中用一个“竟”字，则有力地突出了在寒秋严霜下的万物蓬勃旺盛的生命力，让人感受到诗人对大自然的无限热爱和由衷赞美。 　　《沁园春·长沙》一词的意象美表现在意象的组合上。诗词中的意境内涵不仅包蕴在一个个意象之中，更体现在意象的组合关系之中。诗人们写诗，往往将一个个单一的意象按照美的规律，组成有机的、有时空距离的、有层次的画面，使其产生连贯、对比、烘托、暗示等作用，向读者展示绚丽多彩的生活图景，传达丰富多彩的思想感情。诗人们常用多种方式来实现意象的组合，毛泽东在《沁园春·长沙》中主要采用并置式和辐射式两种方式。诗词意象的并置，如同电影镜头的蒙太奇组接，主要将单个的意象以并列的形式相互并置在一起，从而形成全词整体的“复象美”，亦即组合美。如上阕中“看”字所总领的一组意象群，从整体上看都是并列关系，诗人以并置的手法将意象组合在一起，并且注意动静搭配，远近结合，从而构成一幅色彩绚丽的“湘江秋色图”。又如词的下阕中所回忆的往昔生活，也是两两并置，突出了年轻的革命者奋发向上、敢作敢为的精神，为我们描绘了一幅幅生气勃勃的“少年学子图”。 　　诗词意象的辐射，即在群体意象中以一意象为中心并由此向四周“辐射”而形成一个意象群。仍以上阕“看”字所总领的七句为例，“万山”“层林”“百舸”“雄鹰”“游鱼”等意象则是在中心意象“万类霜天”的辐射下形成的，下阕中的“指点江山，激扬文字”这两个并置的复合意象也是在“风华正茂”的“同学少年”的辐射下形成的。而从全词看，中心意象应该是“独立寒秋”的“我”，其他意象则是在这一中心意象的“辐射”下形成的。在这里，胸怀博大的看风景人也便成了“风景”，这是一幅气势磅礴的“伟人图”呵! 　　毛泽东在《沁园春·长沙》中，由于选取物象典型，表达意象生动，组合意象巧妙，创造出了高远的意境，形成了一幅幅壮阔的画面，使得这首词具有很强的审美效应。 　 　 Images of the sublime mood Gaoyuan ─ ─ Mao "沁园Spring Changsha" Appreciation 裘曙Jie "Image" is China's classical aesthetics of a term, which includes the "intended" and "as" two aspects. The "Meaning" refers to the main creative thoughts and feelings are here, "like" refers to the object as a creative and objective images. The imagery of poetry is the poet's thoughts and feelings with the objective of the integration of images, and the mood is a poet through a variety of image creation and a combination of poetic art realm. Mao Zedong's "Spring沁园Changsha"这首词not only rich in content, but also the magnificent, magnificent screen, image sublime, lofty mood. The author believes that if the image of the United States from the perspective of Appreciation go这首词,这首词to accurately grasp the ideological content and artistic characteristics may be able to separate one track. "Spring沁园Changsha" The imagery of the United States the word highlighted in the selection of features, the author of vision open, select the features or extensive, or grand, or雄峻. The above poem "watch" a few words of the Consul General of the word as an example, the mountain has a "storied," Jiang has the "hundred Ge", has the air of Eagle, have the fish underwater. State from the scene look, have a static red-hot Fenglin, have dynamic "between flow" and "Ge hundred" and so on. Authors from the near-sighted view, from looking up to the bird's eye view, long and wide, Shanhong水绿, "heaven and earth in the shape inside the cage, down everything in笔端" (Lu Ji's "Wen Fu"). Authors of the selected scene, to a large extent are constraints in the conception of the ancient文人墨客the "Autumn" and "Autumn" "Autumn sighed," It is in poetry, such as by their specific "intended" by the decision. For example, Ma's "Tian Jing Sha Thoughts in Autumn" will be "intended to" introduce legislation in the "people in断肠天涯", selected the "elephant" would naturally be "枯藤" "tree" "faint crow" "瘦马", etc. ; Du Fu's "high" will be "intended to" introduce legislation in the "Miles Autumn" "the difficulties of hate ': on, by taking the" elephant "naturally can not be separated from the" ape sorrow ""落木"and so on. Mao Zedong's conception positive up, high-spirited Endeavor, he admitted the "like" those who are competing on the natural, progressive, vibrant scenery, and such as Wanshan, storied, Ge hundred, eagles, fish and so on. "Spring沁园Changsha" The imagery of the United States the term is also reflected in the imagery of expression. The choice of imagery is in itself very important, but the expression of imagery should be more distinctive originality. The imagery of the poet's impression should not be an objective白描, and should be "a lively image of reperfusion" (German Culture and Sport), Mao Zedong in the "Spring沁园Changsha" in order to select the objective images "reperfusion" more angry, very focused on the expression of image, as explained in terms of "look" word by a group of consul-general imagery group, one of "popular Wanshan" "storied make dyeing" "Man Jiang碧透" the "ten thousand" "layer" "Man "and" times "" do "" Turner "These words in the scope, extent, level, etc., so that both red and green color is more prominent, more rich, more rich distinctive, it is lovely. Performance poet, apart from static水绿Shanhong King's beautiful, but also dynamic effort describing the splendor of things, "百舸争流" the "indisputable" character to the green clean the river to forge ahead in an increase of high-spirited atmosphere, live show Qianfan compete, with each other warm scenes. "Eagle hit the sky," "Fish Cheung shallow end", because of "hit" "Raymond," these two creative and expressive use of the verb, accurately and vividly portray the thousands of miles long in the air Yingfei's powerful and crystal clear water in the fish swimming in joy at ease, if the "hit" "Raymond" for a "flying" "Tour" and not on the expression of powerful eagle fly when a powerful gesture, expression can not fish in the water The lighthearted atmosphere comfortable. Poet in the "ten thousand competing category霜天freedom" using an "even" character is effectively highlighted the autumn and winter严霜all things under the vibrant vitality, a sense of the poet of nature's infinite love and heartfelt praise. "Changsha沁园spring" in the U.S. image in the Image of the combination. Poetry is not only the mood包蕴connotation个imagery in a way, but also reflected in the image of a combination of relationship. Poets write poetry, often a single image in accordance with the laws of the United States, composed of organic, has the temporal and spatial distance, and have levels of the screen to produce a coherent, comparison, contrast, suggesting that such role, colorful display to readers picture of life, to convey a variety of thoughts and feelings. Poets used a variety of ways to achieve a combination of imagery, Mao Zedong in the "Spring沁园Changsha" in the main adoption and home-style-type and radiation in two ways. Poetry Imagery and home, as movie montage lens group access, the main will be a single image to form a tie with each other and buy together to form the whole wide word "complex as the United States", that is, combination of the United States. As concerns the "look" word by a group of consul-general imagery group, are tied for the whole relationship between the poet and in the way home will be combining imagery, and with attention to dynamic and static, near and far, thereby form a color brilliant "Autumn Xiangjiang map." Another example is the next word in the poem of the past memories of life, is 22 and home, highlighting the young revolutionary advance, aggressive spirit of our vibrant paintings depicting the "juvenile students map" . Poetry Imagery radiation, that is, in groups of image in one image as the center and thus to the surrounding "radiation" and form a group image. The above poem is still "look" in the Consul-General of 7 as an example, "Wanshan" "storied" "hundred Ge" "Eagle" "fish" and other imagery is in the center image of "ten thousand霜天category" of radiation formed under the terms of the "pointing Jiangshan,激扬文字" This juxtaposition of the two composite image is in the "prime" and "Student of Youth" formed under the radiation. Words from the whole look, the center image should be "independent hanqiu" and "me", the other image is the image in the center of the "radiation" formed under. Here, the scenery look broad-minded people will also become a "landscape", which is a magnificent "great plans" Oh! Mao Zedong in the "Spring沁园Changsha", because of the typical images selected to express the vivid imagery, ingenious combination of imagery to create a purely artistic conception, forming a magnificent painting of the screen, making这首词has a strong aesthetic effect . Chinese > English swapTranslate Suggest a better translation Thank you for contributing your translation suggestion to Google Translate.We'll use your suggestion to improve translation quality in future updates to our system. Images of the sublime mood Gaoyuan

─ ─ Mao "沁园Spring Changsha" Appreciation

裘曙Jie
"Image" is China39;s classical aesthetics of a term, which includes the "intended" and "as" two aspects. The "Meaning" refers to the main creative thoughts and feelings are here, "like" refers to the object as a creative and objective images. The imagery of poetry is the poet39;s thoughts and feelings with the objective of the integration of images, and the mood is a poet through a variety of image creation and a combination of poetic art realm. Mao Zedong39;s "Spring沁园Changsha"这首词not only rich in content, but also the magnificent, magnificent screen, image sublime, lofty mood. The author believes that if the image of the United States from the perspective of Appreciation go这首词,这首词to accurately grasp the ideological content and artistic characteristics may be able to separate one track.

"Spring沁园Changsha" The imagery of the United States the word highlighted in the selection of features, the author of vision open, select the features or extensive, or grand, or雄峻. The above poem "watch" a few words of the Consul General of the word as an example, the mountain has a "storied," Jiang has the "hundred Ge", has the air of Eagle, have the fish underwater. State from the scene look, have a static red-hot Fenglin, have dynamic "between flow" and "Ge hundred" and so on. Authors from the near-sighted view, from looking up to the bird39;s eye view, long and wide, Shanhong水绿, "heaven and earth in the shape inside the cage, down everything in笔端" (Lu Ji39;s "Wen Fu").

Authors of the selected scene, to a large extent are constraints in the conception of the ancient文人墨客the "Autumn" and "Autumn" "Autumn sighed," It is in poetry, such as by their specific "intended" by the decision. For example, Ma39;s "Tian Jing Sha Thoughts in Autumn" will be "intended to" introduce legislation in the "people in断肠天涯", selected the "elephant" would naturally be "枯藤" "tree" "faint crow" "瘦马", etc. ; Du Fu39;s "high" will be "intended to" introduce legislation in the "Miles Autumn" "the difficulties of hate 39;: on, by taking the" elephant "naturally can not be separated from the" ape sorrow ""落木"and so on. Mao Zedong39;s conception positive up, high-spirited Endeavor, he admitted the "like" those who are competing on the natural, progressive, vibrant scenery, and such as Wanshan, storied, Ge hundred, eagles, fish and so on.

"Spring沁园Changsha" The imagery of the United States the term is also reflected in the imagery of expression. The choice of imagery is in itself very important, but the expression of imagery should be more distinctive originality. The imagery of the poet39;s impression should not be an objective白描, and should be "a lively image of reperfusion" (German Culture and Sport), Mao Zedong in the "Spring沁园Changsha" in order to select the objective images "reperfusion" more angry, very focused on the expression of image, as explained in terms of "look" word by a group of consul-general imagery group, one of "popular Wanshan" "storied make dyeing" "Man Jiang碧透" the "ten thousand" "layer" "Man "and" times "" do "" Turner "These words in the scope, extent, level, etc., so that both red and green color is more prominent, more rich, more rich distinctive, it is lovely. Performance poet, apart from static水绿Shanhong King39;s beautiful, but also dynamic effort describing the splendor of things, "百舸争流" the "indisputable" character to the green clean the river to forge ahead in an increase of high-spirited atmosphere, live show Qianfan compete, with each other warm scenes. "Eagle hit the sky," "Fish Cheung shallow end", because of "hit" "Raymond," these two creative and expressive use of the verb, accurately and vividly portray the thousands of miles long in the air Yingfei39;s powerful and crystal clear water in the fish swimming in joy at ease, if the "hit" "Raymond" for a "flying" "Tour" and not on the expression of powerful eagle fly when a powerful gesture, expression can not fish in the water The lighthearted atmosphere comfortable. Poet in the "ten thousand competing category霜天freedom" using an "even" character is effectively highlighted the autumn and winter严霜all things under the vibrant vitality, a sense of the poet of nature39;s infinite love and heartfelt praise.

"Changsha沁园spring" in the U.S. image in the Image of the combination. Poetry is not only the mood包蕴connotation个imagery in a way, but also reflected in the image of a combination of relationship. Poets write poetry, often a single image in accordance with the laws of the United States, composed of organic, has the temporal and spatial distance, and have levels of the screen to produce a coherent, comparison, contrast, suggesting that such role, colorful display to readers picture of life, to convey a variety of thoughts and feelings. Poets used a variety of ways to achieve a combination of imagery, Mao Zedong in the "Spring沁园Changsha" in the main adoption and home-style-type and radiation in two ways. Poetry Imagery and home, as movie montage lens group access, the main will be a single image to form a tie with each other and buy together to form the whole wide word "complex as the United States", that is, combination of the United States. As concerns the "look" word by a group of consul-general imagery group, are tied for the whole relationship between the poet and in the way home will be combining imagery, and with attention to dynamic and static, near and far, thereby form a color brilliant "Autumn Xiangjiang map." Another example is the next word in the poem of the past memories of life, is 22 and home, highlighting the young revolutionary advance, aggressive spirit of our vibrant paintings depicting the "juvenile students map" .

Poetry Imagery radiation, that is, in groups of image in one image as the center and thus to the surrounding "radiation" and form a group image. The above poem is still "look" in the Consul-General of 7 as an example, "Wanshan" "storied" "hundred Ge" "Eagle" "fish" and other imagery is in the center image of "ten thousand霜天category" of radiation formed under the terms of the "pointing Jiangshan,激扬文字" This juxtaposition of the two composite image is in the "prime" and "Student of Youth" formed under the radiation. Words from the whole look, the center image should be "independent hanqiu" and "me", the other image is the image in the center of the "radiation" formed under. Here, the scenery look broad-minded people will also become a "landscape", which is a magnificent "great plans" Oh!

Mao Zedong in the "Spring沁园Changsha", because of the typical images selected to express the vivid imagery, ingenious combination of imagery to create a purely artistic conception, forming a magnificent painting of the screen, making这首词has a strong aesthetic effect . Google Home - About Google Translate