物质决定意识material conditions determine consciousness, not hope

Hope is the opposite to 物质决定意识--Material conditions determine consciousness, not hope: their own behaviour, perception of risk, and attitudes towards material conditions rooted in his box of The basic premise is that the economic and material conditions of society, such as the mode of production and distribution, shape the prevailing ideas, values, and consciousness of individuals within that society. This concept is a key element in Marxist historical materialism, which examines the relationship between the material conditions of existence and the social and ideological structures that arise from them.