Wondering if there are such concepts in the English culture.

The only thing I come up with so far is ``The ability to understand/comprehend.''

You question reminds me of a comment Mohammad made to Malcolm X (after the latter discovered that he was guilty of adultery) ``You have a very good understanding of spiritual matters...''
Right there, if there is such a concept as 灵性 or 悟性, Mohammad would have used it.