顾贞观 金缕曲(一) 赏析/翻译

　　
　　季子平安否？
　　便归来，平生万事，那堪回首？
　　行路悠悠谁慰藉？母老家贫子幼。
　　记不起、从前杯酒。
　　魑魅搏人应见惯，总输他、覆雨翻云手！
　　冰与雪，周旋久。
　　
　　泪痕莫滴牛衣透。
　　数天涯、依然骨肉，几家能够？
　　比似红颜多命薄，更不如今还有。
　　只绝塞、苦寒难受。
　　廿载包胥承一诺，盼乌头、马角终相救。
　　置此札，君怀袖。
　　
　　
　　 《金缕曲》诃起第一句“季子平安否”，季子你平安么，这是作者（顾贞观）对朋友的问候，但却不是一般的浅浅之问，五个字里实在包含了太多的思念与关切，太多的焦虑与挚情。 “便归来，平生万事，那堪回首？”即使你回来，这一生的坎坷与伤痛又怎堪回首。这“万事”，实难数尽，下面的词句就是这难以堪的“万事”中的大概方面。
　　
　　季子平安否The burial song begins from the first sentence :“Are you all right out there? Are you safe or not?”, which is how the author (Gu, Zhenguan) greeted his friend in the letter, but it is not a generally shallow greeting, these five characters actually contains too more thoughts and concerns, too much anxiety and deep feelings. “便归来 平生万事 那堪回首 "Will you return to life? Everything is not worth looking back on?" Even if you come back, how can the frustrations and pain of your life be worth looking back on? "Everything is real and so many things are hard to explain in details, which make you feel difficult to look back on.
　　
　　 “行路悠悠谁慰藉，母老家贫子幼。”关山万里，路途遥遥，谁来安慰与援助你呢？而且你家中母老子幼，叉穷困潦倒。寥寥几句，使人读来心酸。“记不起．从前杯酒。”从前诗酒相欢的朋友早已烟消难忆。 “魑魅搏人应见惯，总输他覆雨翻云手。…‘魑魅”，传说中的山泽鬼怪。吴汉槎被流放宁古塔，或许出于同辈的陷害，故有此言。逮句是说吴汉槎被魑魅魍魉的小人诬陷，无处伸冤，只能叹一声“应见惯”，哀一声“总输他”。
　　“行路悠悠谁慰藉 母老家贫子幼”Being far away from home with no one comforting you while your aged mother and young children are living in poverty back home. With only a handful of words, readers might be influenced to feel sad. “记不起 从前杯酒”I Cannot remember the scene of drinking wine with you. It is hard to recall the situation having fun drinking with friends long time ago. You should be accustomed to seeing that good people are always being set up by bad people, and good men are always defeated by demons because they are not evil enough. “魑魅” Demons are ghosts in legend. Wu, Han Cha was exiled to Ninggu tower, perhaps he had been fixed up by his peers, and thus, the statement was made. Wu, Han Cha was framed up by demons and monsters, those bad guys and he had no way to seek redress for unfair treatment but only sighed: " I should be used to seeing things happened like this" , and mourned: "I ‘ve lost”.
　　
　　 “冰与雪，周旋久。”日夜与宁古塔的冰天雪地周旋，而且时间很长。
　　 《金缕曲》上片表达的都是作者（顾贞观）对朋友的至深的关切和同情。下片是深情的安慰。 “泪痕奠滴牛衣透。数天涯，依然骨肉，几家能够？”牛衣在这里指粗衣野服。伤心之至，泪滴牛衣，但不可浸透，不要太消沉绝望，还要想开些。天涯处像吴汉槎这样流放边荒的人还有很多，但他毕竟还是全家骨肉团聚在一处，这也算是很难得的，还算是不幸中的大幸。此二句是劝说吴汉槎不要太难受，在无奈境地还要自我宽慰。 “比似红颜多命薄，更不如今还有。”这就好比红颇多是命薄，好人总是磨难一样，红颜薄命，自古而然，不仅是今日有此事。这也是一种劝说朋友要学着在不平中寻找平衡的宽心话。
　　 “冰与雪，周旋久。” in Ninggu town, you have been dealing with snow and ice in the frozen and snow-covered land for a very long time. In the first part of the burial song , the poet, Gu, Zhenguan, in the first part of the poem, expresses of his deep concerns and sympathy to his friend, and the offer of his affectionate condolence. In the second part “泪痕奠滴牛衣透。数天涯，依然骨肉，几家能够？” Cattle clothes here refers to shabby clothes. Being broken hearted beyond comforting. You can shed your tears on your shabby clothes but please don’t make them soaked. Please don’t indulge yourself in so much depression and despair, and you should take it easy. Why do I say so? Because from afar, there are many people like you being exiled out there. After all, the fortunate thing is your family is still having united together. How many families still can do that? These two lines are to persuade Wu,Han Cha to overcome sadness, asking him to be optimistic and get self-help, although he is in a helpless situation . “比似红颜多命薄，更不如今还有。” this is like many beautiful women who would end up having a bad fate. Today, there are even more people in the similar situation as yours. Unfortunately, since ancient times, good guys have been always suffering. It is not just happening today. These are comfort words of the poet to persuade his friend, asking him to learn how to get it balanced in a misfortune.
　　
　　 “只绝塞，苦寒难受。”顾贞观虽说在宽慰朋友，但想到朋友在极远的荒地边塞苦寒难当，便又是痛彻肺腑。他一定要救朋友脱离这样的苦难之地。于是很自然地又想到二十年前立下的“终相救”的誓言。
　　 “廿载包胥承一诺，盼乌头、马角终相救。”这里用了两个典故；春秋楚国大夫伍子胥为避害被迫从楚国逃到吴国，他对申包胥说：“我必覆楚。”申包胥答：“我必存之。”后伍子胥引吴兵攻陷楚都，申包胥人秦求救兵，在秦廷前痛哭七天七夜，感动了秦国，秦国最终发兵救下了楚国。这里是作者（顾贞观）借以表明自己一定要象申包胥实践要使楚国存的誓言那样，自己是一定要实践自己立下的“终相救”汉槎的诺言，
　　
　　 “只绝塞，苦寒难受”Although the poet is offering condolence to his friend, thinking of that, in a far frontier wasteland , in a cold and unbearable environment, his friend is suffering himself serving a sentence out there, his heart is bleeding. Thinking of saving his friend from a miserable life there reminds him of the promise that he made 20 years ago, that he promised to rescue him no matter what happens. “廿载包胥承一诺，盼乌头、马角终相救。” Here, two anecdotes are used. In the Spring and Autumn period, in order to avoid getting killed , the Minister Wu of the country of Chu escaped to the country of Wu, he said to Sheng: “I will have to recover the country of Chu” Sheng said: “I will keep existing” , thereafter, minister Wu led troops of the country Wu and he captured the capital of country Chu. Sheng seeked help from the counry Qin and he had himself a good cry before the court of the county Qin, for seven days and nights. Finally, the country Qin was moved and decided to send troops to save the country Chu. The poet is using a metonymy metaphor in this line, to express that Sheng is his role model. Just like Sheng to fulfill his oath of guarding his country, the poet was determined to keep up his words upon the “final rescue” oath.
　　
　　 “盼乌头、马角终相救”的意思是期望出现奇迹，救友而归。燕太子丹为人质被拘秦国，求归。秦王说“乌头白，马生角，乃许耳”。燕太子丹仰天长叹，后人曾以“乌头马角”比喻不可能实现之事。在这里的意思是，即使是困难重重也要营救你回来，一个“盼”字，表现了作者（顾贞观）渴望奇迹出现的心情。作者（顾贞观）在词中又一次信誓旦旦，要不惜一切拯救朋友回关。十七年的奔波，十七年的徒劳，他没有颓丧，没有放弃，他要像申包胥救楚国那样，哪怕乌头马角，也要救友回来。从词中“廿载包胥承一诺•盼乌头马角终相救。”句子看，顾贞观在朋友流放发配时已立誓营救，而且以此为终身使命！二十年为期，不再给自己留多少退路。
　　
　　“盼乌头、马角终相救”refers to the expectation of a miracle to be appeared, thus the poet can save his friend back. The Prince Dan of the country Yan was held hostage by the country Qin, looking for help and the king of Qin said: “when the crows turn white and the horses stick horns out of their heads I will rescue you. It is a metaphor used to express the impossibility of achieving things. Although facing many difficulties, the poet is determined to save his friend and bring him back home. The word “expect” shows how much the poet has longed for the miracle that his friend can be rescued soon. The poet promises again in this poem that he will rescue his friend at any cost. The poet has been struggling for 17 years now to help save his friend. Though all of his efforts have gone vein, he never get dispirited and never give up. He thinks he can save his friend as Sheng who could save his own country. Given half a chance he would save his friend from his suffering. From this line: “廿载包胥承一诺•盼乌头马角终相救。” we can see that the poet has sworn to save his friend when his friend was sentenced, and he considered that saving his friend would be his lifelong mission , and the time limit would be 20 years. There is no leeway.
　　
　　 “置此札，君怀袖”，是化用古诗中的句子：“置君怀袖中，三岁字不灭。”意思是，你把连写着誓言的信收入怀袖之中让誓言的字迹不会磨灭，等着看吧，我一定要做到我说的。想想吴季子何其不幸，平白遭冤，颠沛塞外，欲活不能，欲死不能；然而吴季子又何其大幸，平生得知己如此，虽重案在身，身处绝境，却时时在朋友的惦念与关怀之中。这不容置疑的“置此札，君怀柚”，念及便令人热泪潸然。 全词的以书信体的语气借用词的形式来表达自己对朋友的思念。在艺术手法上，如话家常，宛转反复，心迹如见。一字一句，真挚感人。虽普通而又稳重，平凡而又感人。 “置此札，君怀袖” is cited from a line of an ancient poem” 置君怀袖中，三岁字不灭。” This means, please hide this letter with your oath into your sleeve, so in this way the oath won’t wear down. I will wait and see and I will have to do what I said. Take a think of Wu, jizi, how unlucky he is: Being treated unjustly, in a hardship in the north of the Great Wall, living between a rock and a hard place. However, Wu,jizi is very fortunate, he has a true friend who is always being by his side no matter what. Although he has involved himself in a serious case; although he is desperate, his friends has always missed him and cared about him. There is no doubt that “置此札，君怀柚” is an emotional line that can get the reader to shed tears. The intonation of the whole poem is like writing a letter to a friend, expressing the poet’s deeply thoughts of his friend. For the artistic techniques, the poet as if he is talking about family stuff, reverberating repeatedly. Every word of the poem has been done sincerely and poignantly. The whole work is common and steady.