【《穹顶之下》柴静女士的中国雾霾调查（完整版）】 ---- 及探讨

弓尒 · 2015-03-04 10:47:04Z

【《穹顶之下》柴静女士的中国雾霾调查（完整版）】 ---- 及探讨简介

来源: 弓尒于 2015-03-04 10:47:04 [档案] [博客] [旧帖] [给我悄悄话] 阅读数 : (72315 bytes)

104分钟版

139分钟版

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看了一下，看完了，说几句

1。发展工业必然带来人们生命生活环境的污染，地构资源的破坏，
2。这是个矛盾，必须解决

3。国家政府的整体规划法规的制定和执行是个关键
4。总理总书记，尤其邓胡赵李江朱胡温习李等人未尽到责任，失职

5。柴静捅出这个问题，是一件好事儿，应该得到支持肯定赞许
6。柴静不是个学者更不是个科学家，她的结论并非全部正确和完整，可以应该指出评判，但不必求全责备
7。粗醅非酒乃酒母，酒从醅出，喝酒莫忘醅

（题外话：柴的这个片子可能会得到诺贝尔提名，至少；至多是嘛，你懂的～）

8。文化知识科学是指导，这个认知和执行需要有个过程
9。利益利润成本贪腐是根基所在
10。所谓近30年来中国在人类资源地理环境生活空间方面的确是越来越糟
为了 GDP 几乎无所不用其极
11。假冒伪劣毒食品饮用水灌溉农田的水蔬菜水果肉类蛋类，，，，，有法不依，执法不力，虚张声势

12。为了你我他她的今天和子孙后代的明天，我们真的需要关注和对环境保护做点儿什么

欢迎讨论，奉还谩骂！

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Atmospheric particulate matter – also known as particulate matter (PM) or particulates –
is microscopic solid or liquid matter suspended in the Earth's atmosphere.
Subtypes of atmospheric particle matter include ：
suspended particulate matter (SPM),
respirable suspended particle(RSP; particles with diameter of 10 micrometres or less, i.e. PM10),
fine particles (diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less， i.e. PM2.5),
ultrafine particles, and soot.

The IARC and WHO designate airborne particulates a Group 1 carcinogen.
Particulates are the deadliest form of air pollution due to their ability to penetrate deep into the lungs
and blood streams unfiltered, causing permanent DNA mutations, heart attacks, and premature death.^[4]

In 2013, a study involving 312,944 people in nine European countries revealed that
there was no safe level of particulates and that for every increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM10,
the lung cancer rate rose 22%.
The smaller PM2.5 were particularly deadly, with a 36% increase in
lung cancer per 10 μg/m3 as it can penetrate deeper into the lungs.^[5]

from wiki

-----------------------------

Volume 14, No. 9, p813–822, August 2013

www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045%2813%2970279-1/abstract

Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)

Dr Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, PhD

Zorana J Andersen, PhD

Rob Beelen, PhD

Evangelia Samoli, PhD

Massimo Stafoggia, MSc

Gudrun Weinmayr, PhD

Prof Barbara Hoffmann, MD

Paul Fischer, MSc

Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen, PhD

Prof Bert Brunekreef, PhD

Wei W Xun, MPH

Prof Klea Katsouyanni, PhD

Konstantina Dimakopoulou, MSc

Johan Sommar, MSc

Prof Bertil Forsberg, PhD

Lars Modig, PhD

Anna Oudin, PhD

Bente Oftedal, PhD

Per E Schwarze, PhD

Prof Per Nafstad, MD

Prof Ulf De Faire, PhD

Prof Nancy L Pedersen, PhD

Prof Claes-Göran Östenson, PhD

Laura Fratiglioni, PhD

Johanna Penell, PhD

Michal Korek, MSc

Prof Göran Pershagen, PhD

Kirsten T Eriksen, PhD

Mette Sørensen, PhD

Anne Tjønneland, DMSc

Thomas Ellermann, PhD

Marloes Eeftens, MSc

Prof Petra H Peeters, PhD

Kees Meliefste, BSc

Meng Wang, MSc

Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, PhD

Prof Timothy J Key, DPhil

Kees de Hoogh, PhD

Hans Concin, MD

Gabriele Nagel, PhD

Alice Vilier, MSc

Sara Grioni, BSc

Vittorio Krogh, MD

Ming-Yi Tsai, PhD

Fulvio Ricceri, PhD

Carlotta Sacerdote, PhD

Claudia Galassi, MD

Enrica Migliore, MSc

Andrea Ranzi, PhD

Giulia Cesaroni, MSc

Chiara Badaloni, MSc

Francesco Forastiere, PhD

Ibon Tamayo, MSc

Pilar Amiano, MSc

Miren Dorronsoro, MD

ProfAntonia Trichopoulou, MD

Christina Bamia, PhD

Prof Paolo Vineis, MPH†

Gerard Hoek, PhD†

†Joint last authors

Show all authors

Published Online: 10 July 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70279-1

Article Info

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Supplementary video

Paolo Vineis and Helga Laszlo outline the latest results from the ESCAPE study, a Europe-wide project looking at the effects of air pollution on health, which show that prolonged exposure to air pollution increases the risk of lung cancer, even at levels below the European Union limit values.

Summary

Background

Ambient air pollution is suspected to cause lung cancer. We aimed to assess the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and lung cancer incidence in European populations.

Methods

This prospective analysis of data obtained by the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects used data from 17 cohort studies based in nine European countries. Baseline addresses were geocoded and we assessed air pollution by land-use regression models for particulate matter (PM) with diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10), less than 2·5 μm (PM2·5), and between 2·5 and 10 μm (PMcoarse), soot (PM2·5absorbance), nitrogen oxides, and two traffic indicators. We used Cox regression models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and random effects models for meta-analyses.

Findings

The 312,944 cohort members contributed 4,013,131 person-years at risk. During follow-up (mean 12·8 years), 2095 incident lung cancer cases were diagnosed.

The meta-analyses showed a statistically significant association between risk for lung cancer and PM10 (hazard ratio [HR] 1·22 [95% CI 1·03–1·45] per 10 μg/m3).

For PM2·5 the HR was 1·18 (0·96–1·46) per 5 μg/m3. The same increments of PM10 and PM2·5 were associated with HRs for adenocarcinomas of the lung of 1·51 (1·10–2·08) and 1·55 (1·05–2·29), respectively. An increase in road traffic of 4000 vehicle-km per day within 100 m of the residence was associated with an HR for lung cancer of 1·09 (0·99–1·21).

The results showed no association between lung cancer and nitrogen oxides concentration (HR 1·01 [0·95–1·07] per 20 μg/m3) or traffic intensity on the nearest street (HR 1·00 [0·97–1·04] per 5000 vehicles per day).