曹鹏：马思聪《第二交响曲》

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曹鹏指挥上海乐团管弦乐队演绎
马思聪《第二交响曲》

Sicong Ma: Symphony No. 2 (1958–59)
Shanghai Philharmonic Orhestra
Peng Cao, Conductor

马思聪（1912年5月7日－1987年5月20日），中国广东海丰县人，中国作曲家、小提琴家与音乐教育家。被誉为“中国小提琴第一人”。他于1937年创作的《思乡曲》，被认为是中国20世纪的音乐经典之一。

马思聪早年曾赴法国巴黎求学，并在后来考入了法国的巴黎音乐学院，主修小提琴。1932年初，马思聪由法国回到中国。此后陆续创作了《摇篮曲》、《绥远组曲》、《西藏音诗》、《牧歌》等多部著名音乐作品。1949年12月，马思聪被中华人民共和国政务院任命为中央音乐学院的首任院长。

1966年6月，文化大革命开始后，马思聪遭到了造反派的批斗。1967年1月15日晚，马思聪与夫人王慕理、次女马瑞雪和儿子马如龙出走香港，后由美国驻香港领事陪同飞抵美国。同年5月，在康生和谢富治的示意下成立的“马思聪专案组”（又名“002号专案组”）开始对马思聪出走的经过进行调查，株连马家亲属数十人。1968年，马思聪被定为“叛国投敌分子”，这一罪名直至1985年才得以平反。1987年5月，马思聪在美国接受心脏手术时手术失败，于5月20日逝世于美国费城，得年75岁。

马思聪的《第二交响曲》始作于1958年秋，完成于1959年，1961年7月由作曲家本人指挥中央乐团首演于北京。这部当年罕见的“无标题”作品，在构思方面受毛泽东的词《忆秦娥·娄山关》影响，以中国工农红军艰苦卓绝的革命斗争为题材，通过三个不间断演奏的均为奏鸣曲式的乐章，形象地刻画了特定历史条件下的红军战士形象。与传统意义上的交响曲不同，作曲家一反常规地将庄重哀伤的第二乐章直接插到紧张激动地第一乐章的展开部与再现部之间，使得第二乐章成了第一乐章展开部中的一个大插部。之所以如此谋篇布局，作曲家完全是根据作品题材内容的需要，用如此的结构来表现红军战士在对死难战友哀悼之后，擦干身上的血迹又重新投入到激烈的战斗中。

The Second Symphony of Chinese composer and violinist Ma Sicong (1912-1987), whose name is sometimes also rendered as Ma Sitzon. A native of Heifeng in Guangdong province, Ma became one of the first of his compatriots to become a professional violinist when he followed his older brother's example and traveled to France at the age of eleven to study music at the conservatories of Nancy and Paris. His skill as a violinist and composer of violin music became legendary and he was known in China as the "King of the Violinists". After the People's Republic of China was establish, Ma became the director of the China Central Conservatory of Music. In 1958, he served on the jury of the first International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow (that was Van Cliburn's annus mirabilis). However, when the Cultural Revolution broke out in 1966, Ma and his colleagues at the conservatory fell into disfavour for teaching and playing Western-style classical music; they were all rounded up and sent to a reeducation camp, and their families were harassed by authorities. In 1967, Ma and his family managed to escape to Hong Kong, after which they settled in the United States permanently. Ma remained in exile for the rest of his life.

Ma's Second Symphony was composed in 1958-59, and ostensibly, it takes as its subject the struggles of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. The composer claimed that there is a connection between his music and the poem "Loushan Pass" by Mao Zedong; however, the music can be also interpreted abstractly rather than programmatically. The vigorous first movement makes use of the Phrygian mode and it is in a fairly traditional sonata form. The second theme is derived from "Tian Xin Shun", a folk song from north Shaanxi. After reaching a climactic moment of great intensity, the music transitions smoothly into the slow, sombre second movement, which bears some resemblance to a funeral march; it is an expression of mourning for fallen comrades-in-arms. However, the battle theme soon emerges again as the Army returns to the fray. The third and final movement is jubilant and lively, as the Army celebrates its victory. At one point the soldiers begin dancing the yangge, a popular rural folk-dance. In the end, a grand coda introduces a new heroic march theme that brings the work to a close.

1. Allegro agitato -
2. Adagio maestoso -
3. Allegro