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来源: 于 2012-06-01 21:44:08 [博客] [旧帖] [给我悄悄话] 本文已被阅读：次

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"><strong><font color="#ff3300"></font></strong></p><p style="color: blue; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; " class="MsoNormal" align="center"><font size="3"><span style="color: blue; "><strong><font color="#ff3300"></font></strong></span></font></p><p align="center" style="color: blue; "><strong><font color="#ff3300"></font></strong></p><p style="color: blue; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; " class="MsoNormal" align="center"><font size="3"><span style="color: blue; "><strong><font color="#ff3300"></font></strong></span></font></p><p align="center" style="color: blue; "><strong><font color="#ff3300"></font></strong></p><p style="color: blue; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; " class="MsoNormal" align="center"><font size="3"><span style="color: blue; "><strong><font color="#ff3300"></font></strong></span></font></p><p align="center" style="color: blue; "><strong><font color="#ff3300"></font></strong></p><p style="color: blue; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; " class="MsoNormal" align="center"><font size="3"><span style="color: blue; "><strong><font color="#ff3300"></font></strong></span></font></p><p align="center" style="color: blue; "><strong><font color="#ff3300"></font></strong></p><p style="color: blue; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; " class="MsoNormal" align="center"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: blue; " lang="ZH-CN"><strong><font color="#ff3300"></font></strong></span><span style="color: blue; "><strong><font color="#ff3300"></font></strong></span></font></p><p style="color: blue; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; " class="MsoNormal" align="center"><font size="3"><span style="color: blue; "><strong><font color="#ff3300"></font></strong></span></font></p><p align="center" style="color: blue; "><strong><font color="#ff3300"></font></strong></p><p align="center" style="color: blue; "><strong><font color="#ff3300"></font></strong></p><p style="color: blue; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; " class="MsoNormal" align="center"><font size="3"><strong><font color="#ff3300"><span style="color: blue; "></span></font></strong></font></p><p align="center" style="color: blue; " /><p style="color: blue; " /><p align="center" style="color: blue; "><font color="#ff3300" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><strong></strong></font></p><p style="color: blue; " /><p align="center" style="color: blue; "><font color="#ff3300" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><strong></strong></font></p><p align="center" style="color: blue; " /><p style="color: blue; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; " class="MsoNormal"><font size="4"><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN"><strong>《我爱这土地》导读</strong></span></font></p><p style="color: blue; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; " class="MsoNormal"><font size="4"><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN"></span></font><span><font size="4"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></font><br /></span></p><p style="color: blue; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; " class="MsoNormal"><span><span style="color: rgb(152, 72, 6); ">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">曹津源</span><span><br /><br /></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">太阳与土地是最能概括艾青诗歌特色的两个概念。诗人对于光明、理想和美好生活的热烈追求，常常借助太阳这一意象得以表现，艾青仿佛是一位夸父，至死不渝地追寻着太阳、光明和理想</span><span>;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">作为另一面，与诗人血脉相连的土地也是他一生一世都无法割舍的眷恋。他曾说过</span><span>:“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">这个无限广阔的国家和无限丰富的农村生活</span><span>—</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">无论旧的还是新的</span><span>—</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">都要求在新诗上有它的重要篇幅。</span><span>”(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">《献给乡村的诗</span><span>·</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">序》</span><span>)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">艾青对土地的关注，就是对农民、民族、祖国的挚爱。写于抗战爆发后</span><span>1938</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">年的《我爱这土地》就是艾青这种特有的土地情结的代表作。在国土沦丧、民族危亡的紧急关头，艾青向祖国捧出一颗赤子之心，爱国深情的抒发，波澜起伏，层层推进。</span><span> <br /><br /></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">一、点出土地情结。先欣赏起始两句</span><span>:“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">假如我是一只鸟，</span><span>/</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">我也应该用嘶哑的喉咙歌唱。</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">诗人对土地的酷爱，已到了不知道如何倾诉的地步。于是，他只能舍弃人的思维语言而借用鸟的简单朴素的语言倾泻他的爱情，在诗人看来，这简单朴素的往往是最真诚热烈的。形容词</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">嘶哑</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">，已不能再唱出美丽悦耳清亮动听的情歌，但这</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">嘶哑</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">的歌声正能抒发对土地的义无反顾的真诚和执著。于是土地情结的激越歌声由此响起。</span><span> <br /><br /></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">二、倾吐土地情结。可分四层。第一层</span><span>:</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">隐喻人民苦难。</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">这被暴风雨所打击着的土地，这永远汹涌着我们的悲愤的河流</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">。</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">暴风雨</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">悲愤的河流</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">这些意象告诉我们，艾青魂牵梦绕地爱着的土地，是布满痛苦、躯体上有太多凝结成块的流不动的悲愤的土地。当时日寇连续攻占了华北、华东、华南等广大地区，所到之处疯狂肆虐，草菅人命。艾青在《雪落在中国的土地上》有着相似的描写</span><span>:“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">雪落在中国的土地上，</span><span>/</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">寒冷在封锁着中国呀</span><span>……</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">风，</span><span>/</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">像一个太悲哀了的老妇，</span><span>/</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">紧紧地跟随着</span><span>/</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">伸出寒冷的指爪</span><span>/</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">拉扯着行人的衣襟，</span><span>/</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">用着像土地一样古老的话</span><span>/</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">一刻也不停地絮聒着</span><span>……”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">诗人用</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">寒冷</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">雪</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">风</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">封锁</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">等意象勾勒出扼杀着一个个求生的生命的悲惨处境。两首诗写于同一时期，都表现出诗人对人民苦难的深情关注。第二层，隐喻人民反抗。</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">这无止息地吹刮着的激怒的风</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">一句象征着中华民族不屈不挠的反抗精神，神州土地养育了中华民族，也养育了一种坚韧不屈的民族精神。</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">无止息</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">暗寓反抗精神的传承，</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">刮</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">激怒</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">表示力量的强大，由悲土地之苦难转入赞土地的抗争，诗人的土地情结深了一层</span><span>;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">第三层，</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">那来自林间的无比温柔的黎明</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">一句可以看作是斗争前景的象征，也可以更</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">实</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">一点，看作是充满生机的解放区的象征，伟大的民族解放战争的象征。总之，诗人的情思已由悲愤、称颂进入憧憬，表现出坚定的必胜信念，构思又进一层</span><span>:</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">第四层，</span><span>“—</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">然后我死了，连羽毛也腐烂在土地里面。</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">诗人没有沉溺于对</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">温柔</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">恬静的</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">黎明</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">的欣赏中，为了自己的爱永远留给土地，他作出了上述郑重庄严的抉择。这种献身精神可以作这样的诠释</span><span>:</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">我来自土地而最终归于土地，这样，爱才得以升华，得以永恒。这是一种多么超凡脱俗、悲壮高尚的土地情结啊</span><span>! <br /><br /></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">三、升华土地情结。第二节的一问一答，诗人由借鸟抒情转入直抒胸臆</span><span>:“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">为什么我的眼里常含泪水</span><span>?</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">因为我对这土地爱得深沉</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">，太</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">深沉</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">太强烈的土地之爱，已使诗人难以诉诸语言，只能凝成晶莹的泪水。</span><span>“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">深沉</span><span>”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">一词也许达不到与实际感情相应的表达强度，于是，其后紧跟的六个沉重的省略，似乎涌动着潜流地火般的激情，更为沉重地叩击着读者的心房，激起读者持续的共鸣。全诗在这问答中达到高潮，那炽热、真挚的爱国情怀，留下不尽的余韵</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(152, 72, 6); " lang="ZH-CN">。</span></span></p><p style="color: blue; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; " class="MsoNormal" /><p style="color: blue; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; " class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(152, 72, 6); "><font face="Calibri"></font></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; " class="MsoNormal"><font color="#984806"><br /></font></p></font></font>