Yang–Mills field theory 第一个发现的不是Yang–Mills，是Ronald Shaw。

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang–Mills_theory

Parallel work on non-Abelian gauge theories

In 1953, in a private correspondence, Wolfgang Pauli formulated a six-dimensional theory of Einstein's field equations of general relativity, extending the five-dimensional theory of Theodor Kaluza, Oskar Klein, Vladimir Fock, and others to a higher-dimensional internal space.^[6] However, there is no evidence that Pauli developed the Lagrangian of a gauge field or the quantization of it. Because Pauli found that his theory "leads to some rather unphysical shadow particles", he refrained from publishing his results formally.^[6] Although Pauli did not publish his six-dimensional theory, he gave two seminar lectures about it in Zürich in November 1953.^[6]

In January 1954 Ronald Shaw, a graduate student at the University of Cambridge also developed a non-Abelian gauge theory for nuclear forces.^[7] However, the theory needed massless particles in order to maintain gauge invariance. Since no such massless particles were known at the time, Shaw and his supervisor Abdus Salam chose not to publish their work.^[7] Shortly after Yang and Mills published their paper in October 1954, Salam encouraged Shaw to publish his work to mark his contribution. Shaw declined, and instead it only forms a chapter of his PhD thesis published in 1956.^[8][9]