目前只有纽约州在out of network billing protection上是走在最前面的，

只要是在in network的医院受到的治疗，州法不允许out of network 医生向病人开出balance billing, 无论是emergency还是non emergency。

新泽西州out of network 医生还是有可能向病人要余额的：

Balance billing of the patient, however, is not explicitly prohibited in many situations; thus, in some circumstances, a provider may seek payment of the balance of its charges for emergency care that is over the insurer's “reasonable” payment.