不知道J1签证能不能申请绿卡,yes, but at the time of I-485 adjudication, you need (j) waiver, provide proof of fufilled 2 years home residency or proof of not subject to HRR requirement.
有要求去美国多长时间的要求吗?GC eligibility has nothing to do with your non-immigrant status (except for out-of-status) or how long or have you ever been in US. Thousands of people each year arrive in US their very first time and get GC the first ever day in USA.