回复：请教：J-1 Waiver正在等待时可以开始永久居民身份申请么？

1. good reason if he cannot receive treatment in your country.
2. No,after J1 grace period ends or you left J1 sponsor, whichever is sooner.
3. If the mail room workers do their job correctly, your I-485 should be rejected. But in the past if USCIS accepted in error, there were people receiving RFE asking for proof instead of out-right denial. Even if you receive AP, don't use it, CBP can deny your parole into US if they find out you are still subject to 212e.