气胸可以是腹腔镜手术的并发症之一，发生率0.2% to 1.9%， 中英文献见内

看了hs7880网友的贴，google了一下，见到以下文献：气胸可以是腹腔镜手术的并发症之一，发生率0.2% to 1.9%。  腹腔镜手术时间过长，病人自身情况，当然还有其他各种原因，都可以引起气胸的。英文文献后面还有另外两篇文献的信息。其他网友已提到麻醉，自发也可以有气胸的。另外，好像任何腹腔镜手术， 不一定妇科手术都可以有气胸并发症的。

http://bbs.wenxuecity.com/health/578042.html

http://www.xuehuile.com/thesis/d8a1e6857a7f4681b668e21341dc5857.html

妇科腹腔镜手术并发症37例诊治分析
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并发症种类主要为血管损伤，皮下气肿及气胸，皮下出血和术中出血、肠管损伤、输尿管损伤、膀胱损伤等。结论：妇科腹腔镜并发症的发生与手术的难易程度、医生操作经验、手术器械完善、手术范围的选择等有关，积极预防可减少并发症的发生。

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3.6 气胸
　　比较少见，如果处理不及时可造成严重后果。文献报道皮下气肿延伸致纵隔或气体通过横膈裂孔时可引起纵隔气肿，严重的皮下气肿亦 可引起气胸，导致呼吸循环衰竭，甚至出现休克或心脏骤停，本组1例气胸术中血氧饱和度下降，最低至53%，后经床头胸片确诊为左侧气胸，立即停止手术，行 胸腔闭式引流，症状缓解后迅速完成手术。

http://laparoscopy.blogs.com/prevention_management_3/2010/07/complications-of-laparoscopic-gynecologic-surgery.html

Complications of Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery

Bulent Berker, MD, Salih Taskin, MD, Elif Aylin Taskin, MD

Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumothorax may result from preperitoneal insufflation or leakage of CO₂ around the cannula sites. Prolonged operations, higher maximum measured end-tidal CO₂, a greater number of surgical ports, and older patient age increase the risk.

Pneumomediastinum results from migration of preperitoneal gas to the mediastinum. In the presence of a congenital diaphragmatic defect or intraoperative diaphragm injury, pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax may occur. The incidence is 0.2% to 1.9% for pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum.^35,36 Inhalation of 100% O₂ and application of a thorax tube after discharging CO₂ from the peritoneal cavity must be done. Pneumopericardium has been reported to occur in association with pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema.³⁶

35.    Murdock CM, Wolff AJ, Van Geem T. Risk factors for hypercarbia, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum during laparoscopy. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;95:704-709.

36.    Kalhan SB, Reaney JA, Collins RL. Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema during laparoscopy. Cleve Clin J Med. 1990;57:639-642.