市场不确定性增加导致大幅震荡
周五的狂泻多半是市场对新联储主席提名所带来的金融政策不确定性的一种反映。
作为韭菜,
- 看住手,
- 设好止损,
- 降低风险投资组合/多样化
- 适度的现金储备
是“立于不败之地”的先决条件。

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不确定性通常会导致股市波动加剧,引发价格快速波动、投资者风险厌恶情绪上升,并可能导致投资者纷纷转向避险资产,从而形成下行压力。虽然高度不确定性往往会掩盖潜在风险,导致市场下跌,但有时也能让牛市“克服重重担忧”继续上涨。
不确定性与市场行为之间的关键关系包括:
- 波动性和恐慌:不确定性增加通常会导致波动性加剧(例如,VIX指数飙升)。投资者可能会情绪化地做出反应,导致恐慌性抛售,或者反之,在恐慌达到顶峰时出现买入机会。
- 基本面影响:不确定性通常源于政策(例如贸易或税收政策变化)对企业利润的未知影响,促使投资者撤资,从而导致市场价格下跌。
- 行业分化:虽然整体市场可能面临下行压力,但在不确定时期,能源、医疗保健和生物技术等行业可能会出现积极的、独特的走势。
- “好”的不确定性与“坏”的不确定性:研究表明,某些类型的不确定性可以推动创新和长期经济增长,而总体经济不确定性通常会导致估值下降。
- 行为反应:高度不确定性会降低信心,导致企业和消费者推迟支出和投资,这直接影响企业盈利能力。
对于交易员来说,极度不确定的时期可能带来盈利机会,但需要仔细的风险管理(例如 3-5-7 规则)来应对日益加剧的市场波动。
经济政策不确定性对股票价格的影响. 这些全球性事件不仅具有破坏性,而且并非罕见,这凸显了全球经济的相互关联性.
3-5-7 rule
3-5-7规则是一种交易风险管理策略,旨在保护资金并确保长期收益的稳定性。该规则将单笔交易的风险限制在总账户资金的3%以内,将所有未平仓头寸的总风险敞口限制在5%以内,并以7%的利润为目标,或者在某些解释中,将总投资组合的风险敞口维持在7%。
3-5-7规则的关键组成部分:
- 单笔交易风险3%:任何单笔交易的风险不得超过总交易资金的3%(例如,在10,000美元的账户中,风险不超过300美元)。
- 总风险敞口5%:所有相关未平仓头寸的总风险不应超过账户价值的5%,以防止出现巨额亏损。
- 7% 盈利目标/投资组合上限:目标是将盈利交易的收益率设定为相对于所承担风险的 7%。另一种解释是将整体投资组合的风险敞口限制在 7%。
优势和应用:
- 适合初学者:提供清晰可行的限制,防止情绪化、冲动交易。
- 风险规避:控制损失,降低连续亏损交易的影响,并防止过度杠杆化。
- 多功能性:适用于股票、外汇和期货,但对于高波动性资产可能需要进行调整。
- 纪律性:确保以结构化的方式进行头寸规模管理和风险敞口控制。
Uncertainty in the stock market refers to the inability to predict future asset prices or economic outcomes, driven by unpredictable events, high volatility, or lack of information. It is measured by volatility indices (like the VIX), stock price fluctuations, or analyst ratings (Low to Extreme).
Key Aspects of Stock Market Uncertainty:
- Definition: It is a, "lack of knowledge or bases on which to make any predictions".
- Influencing Factors: High operating leverage, high debt (financial leverage), unpredictable sales, and contingent events like lawsuits or mergers.
- Impact: Increased uncertainty usually leads to lower stock prices and higher "risk".
How to Calculate and Measure Uncertainty:
- Volatility Index (VIX): Known as the "fear gauge," the CBOE VIX measures market expectations of near-term volatility using stock price options.
- Standard Deviation (Volatility): This measures how much a stock price spreads out around its average price.
- Calculation:
- Find the mean of the stock prices.
- Calculate the variance (sum of squared deviations from the mean divided by the number of data points).
- Take the square root of the variance.
- Calculation:
- Realized Volatility: Calculated as the square root of the sum of squared daily or intraday returns over a specific period.
- Morningstar Uncertainty Rating: Analysts determine this by examining a company's sales predictability, financial leverage, and potential for negative events, resulting in a ranking from Low to Extreme.
- Newspaper-Based Indices: The Equity Market Uncertainty (EMU) index uses media coverage, counting articles mentioning keywords related to the economy, stocks, and volatility.
How to Calculate Basic Range Uncertainty:
For a given period, absolute uncertainty can be estimated as
(Maximum Price - Minimum Price)/2
Relative uncertainty is calculated as
(Absolute Uncertainty/Current Price)×100
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