Gemini Answer: How often does it occur?

Official state audits show that confirmed non-citizen voting is "vanishingly rare." For context, over 150 million people voted in the 2024 election. Recent findings include:

• Iowa: An initial list of 2,176 potential non-citizens was investigated in 2025. Only 35 were confirmed to be non-citizens who cast ballots—roughly 0.002% of the state's voters.

• Michigan: A 2025 audit found 16 instances of potential non-citizens casting ballots out of over 7 million voters.

• Georgia: A 2024 audit of 8.2 million registrations found 20 non-citizens on the rolls, and most had not actually voted.

• Texas: In June 2025, the Attorney General opened investigations into 33 potential non-citizens who allegedly voted in 2024.

3. Why it rarely "works"

Even if a non-citizen successfully casts a ballot, they are likely to be caught later because:

• Database Matching: States now use the federal SAVE system to cross-check voter rolls against DHS and Social Security records.

• Severe Punishment: Because it is a federal crime, the "reward" of casting one vote is almost never worth the risk of mandatory deportation and permanent banishment from the U.S.

Summary: While it is possible for a non-citizen to get through the system due to errors or fraud, it happens in negligible numbers (often measured in the dozens across millions of votes) and usually leads to criminal prosecution or deportation.