而且在明州，合法自卫免除民事赔偿

Minnesota’s rule on this is unusually clear compared to many states: yes — if your use of force is legally justified as self?defense, you are immune from civil liability.

 

Here’s the exact structure of the law and how courts apply it:

Minnesota Statute on Civil Immunity

Minnesota has a specific statute, Minn. Stat. § 604A.12, titled “Justifiable Use of Force; Immunity.”

It states that:

• If a person uses reasonable force in compliance with Minnesota’s criminal self?defense laws (primarily Minn. Stat. §§ 609.06 and 609.065),

• Then that person “is immune from civil liability” for injuries or death resulting from that force.

This means:

• If prosecutors or a court determine your force was legally justified,

• A civil lawsuit (e.g., wrongful death, battery, negligence) cannot succeed against you for that same conduct.

Important Clarifications

Immunity applies only if the force was actually justified

You don’t get automatic immunity just by claiming self?defense.

A judge may need to decide whether the statutory requirements were met.

Immunity is broad

It covers:

• Damages for injury

• Damages for death

• Claims brought by the person injured or their estate

Immunity does not apply if:

• You used excessive force

• You were the initial aggressor (unless you withdrew)

• Your belief in danger was unreasonable

• You used deadly force in circumstances not permitted by § 609.065

Criminal and civil determinations are related but not identical

Being acquitted in criminal court helps but does not automatically grant civil immunity.

A civil judge may still independently evaluate whether the statutory conditions for justified force were met.