Yes, Denmark effectively lost control of Greenland during WW2 after the Nazi occupation in April 1940, leading the U.S. to establish a de facto protectorate via a treaty with the Danish ambassador to protect the strategically vital island from German seizure, a military presence that lasted until 1945. While Greenland remained Danish territory, the U.S. assumed defense, established bases, and used its crucial cryolite mines, severing direct Danish governance until after the war.
How Greenland Became Separate from Denmark During the War:
- German Invasion: Germany occupied Denmark on April 9, 1940, cutting off communication and control with Greenland.
- Strategic Importance: The U.S. recognized Greenland's strategic value for weather reporting (vital for European weather) and its cryolite mine (essential for aluminum production).
- Kauffmann- Agreement: In April 1941, the Danish ambassador to the U.S., Henrik Kauffmann, signed an agreement with the U.S. to allow American military presence and defense, bypassing the occupied Danish government.
- U.S. Protectorate: The U.S. then occupied Greenland, making it a de facto protectorate and establishing military bases to keep it out of German hands.
- Post-War: The U.S. military presence continued until 1945, and the Kauffmann agreement was later ratified by the liberated Danish government, though Denmark never agreed to sell Greenland.
In essence, Denmark lost effective control, but Greenland remained legally part of the Kingdom of Denmark, transitioning from Danish rule to U.S. military protection during the war.
