Anti-Corruption Backlight反腐败背后的阴影
Anti-Corruption Backlight
By: Giorgio Provinciali
Live from Ukraine
Zaporizhzhia – As Viktor Orban landed in Moscow, detectives from Ukraine’s anti-corruption agencies NABU and SAP raided Kyiv’s government district yesterday to search the office of Andriy Yermak, the head of the President’s Office.
The investigation is ongoing, with no one formally charged. However, Yermak has resigned.
While it is necessary to point out that the independent functioning of these agencies is a sign that the Ukrainian justice system is alive and well, in line with European standards, it is worth noting the timing of certain investigations.
Especially considering that informants and collaborators of Moscow have been found within these anti-corruption bodies, which actively collaborate with US authorities. The former head of the Dnipro-based NABU Interregional Detective Directorate, Ruslan Mahamedrasulov, remains detained on charges of assisting an aggressor state under Article 111–2 of the Ukrainian Criminal Code. According to the Ukrainian SBU and the Prosecutor General’s Office of Ukraine (PGO), he helped his father illegally trade with Russia by acting as an intermediary in illegal cannabis trafficking to Dagestan. In several press reports and a Norwegian article in «VG,» he appears, along with another whistleblower, as a Russian infiltrator in an elite NABU unit called «D-2,» with dozens of sensitive information being passed to Russian intelligence agencies through his curator, Dmitro Ivantsov (Yanukovych’s former deputy head of security, recruited by the Russian FSB).
Several investigations, such as those by NV and Censor.net, show that Mahamedrasulov was a key investigator in corruption cases involving Energoatom, with 1,000 hours of wiretaps on a group that influenced strategic state-owned companies and on the dossier concerning Tymur Mindich, Zelensky’s longtime associate.
The classified «D-2" unit of the NABU included another agent named Viktor Husanov, arrested in July 2025 on charges of espionage for the FSB. Ukrainian authorities cite at least 60 documented instances in which Husanov allegedly passed information about Ukrainian law enforcement officials and civilians to Ivantsov, receiving payments via bank cards.
Since July, dozens of SBU searches have led to the identification of other NABU and SAP employees who allegedly passed sensitive data to Russian intelligence services. The SBU and PGO are currently investigating Fedir Khrystenko, a Member of Parliament for the now-banned pro-Russian OPZZh party, accused of being a top FSB agent responsible for increasing its influence over NABU and SAP.
Following these serious findings, last summer the government also orderedNABU and SAP to be monitored. They publicly denounced the raids as illegal or disproportionate, claiming they were part of an attempt to undermine their independence.
After strong internal protests and pressure from the EU, parliamentary backtracking resulted: the Rada restored the independence of NABU and SAP, repealing the regulation that placed them under control.
Beyond evidence of ties with the Russian federal intelligence services, it should be noted that NABU and SAP actively collaborate with the United States Federal Police (FBI), the Department of Justice (DOJ), and other American authorities.
As early as 2016, NABU and the FBI signed a memorandum of structural cooperation that provided for information exchange, joint training, and joint investigations into money laundering, asset recovery, and the corruption of high-ranking Ukrainian officials. This agreement was renewed in 2017 for another two years, focusing on money laundering and asset recovery abroad. With Russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine underway, NABU announced a new memorandum with the United States in 2023.
Various reports and political analyses claim that an FBI representative permanently operates within the NABU with his own office, suggesting that the agency is intertwined with American priorities.
As part of the investigations that sparked the scandal surrounding the «Mindich case,» several Ukrainian media outlets reported that NABU detectives met with FBI investigators on November 12. Documents from a federal court in Florida confirm that NABU and SAP cooperate closely with the main arm of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), so beloved by Donald Trump: Homeland Security Investigations (HSI).
De facto, the SAP, the specialized anti-corruption prosecutor’s office that brings cases prepared by the NABU to trial, operates within an ecosystem conditioned by European and American funding tied to reforms in Ukraine. Brussels and Washington have made the independence of both institutions a prerequisite for economic aid to Ukraine and for its accession to the EU.
The strong American and European technical and financial support for NABU, and its sharing of evidence and classified material with the FBI, suggest, however, that it has pursued cases against key figures in the current Ukrainian establishment to weaken Kyiv’s position from within and make it yield to the restrictive conditions outlined by the Trump administration (i.e., the Russians) in its so-called ‘peace plan’.
From a Russian perspective, infiltrating individuals into institutions like NABU and SAP is like reaching the final piece of a Russian matrioska: the unbreakable one, the seed. Finding strong American influence there is a blessing for a regime that is struggling to make meaningful gains on the battlefield. Every anti-corruption scandal that tightens its grip on Zelensky is a source of relief from this frustration.
This kind of justice is therefore convenient for both Moscow and Washington. NABU and SAP were created and operate within a framework of Western conditionality. The structural axis with the United States and the presence of Russian infiltration within it are key elements on which the convergence of Russian-American interests rests.
For these reasons, much of Ukrainian civil society today questions the timing of certain justice measures, seeing them as politically exploited.
What is certain is that NABU and SAP yesterday gained access to presidential offices and archives, enabling them to obtain classified information and possibly plant bugs and wiretaps that the FBI and FSB would likely exploit.
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反腐败背后的阴影
作者：Giorgio Provinciali
乌克兰前线报道
扎波罗热——当维克多·欧尔班抵达莫斯科时，乌克兰反腐败机构NABU和特别反腐检察院（SAP）的探员们于昨日突袭了基辅的政府区，搜查了总统办公室主任安德烈·耶尔马克的办公室。
调查仍在进行中，目前尚无人被正式控告。然而，耶尔马克已经辞职。
（图：乌克兰国家反腐败局（NABU）与特别反腐检察院（SAP）宣布突袭行动）
（图：安德烈·耶尔马克确认自己正接受NABU和SAP的调查）
（图：泽伦斯基接受安德烈·耶尔马克的辞职）
但是必须指出，这些机构的独立运作表明乌克兰的司法体系仍然健全并正常运作，符合欧洲标准，但某些调查的时机值得注意。
尤其是考虑到在这些反腐败机构中发现了与莫斯科勾结的线人和合作者，他们与美国当局积极合作。前驻第聂伯罗地区NABU侦查局局长鲁斯兰·马哈梅德拉苏洛夫因涉嫌违反乌克兰刑法第111-2条款、协助侵略国而被拘留。据乌克兰国家保安局（SBU）和乌克兰检察总长办公室（PGO）称，他通过充当与吉尔吉斯非法大麻交易中介，帮助父亲与俄罗斯进行非法贸易。在几份新闻报道和挪威《VG》的一篇文章中，他与另一名举报者一起，被描绘为NABU的精英单位“D-2”中的俄罗斯渗透者，通过他的监管者德米特罗·伊万佐夫（Yanukovych的前安全副局长，被俄罗斯联邦安全局（FSB）招募）向俄罗斯情报机构传递了大量敏感信息。
多项调查，例如NV和Censor.NET开展的显示，马哈梅德拉苏洛夫是涉及能源公司Energoatom贪腐案件的主要调查员，对一个影响战略国有公司的团体进行了1000小时的电话监听，并对泽伦斯基长期合作伙伴提穆尔·敏迪奇的卷宗进行了调查。
NABU的秘密单位D-2还有另一名叫维克托·胡萨诺夫的特工，他于2025年7月因为为FSB提供间谍服务而被逮捕。乌克兰当局列举了至少60有据可查的案例，指控胡萨诺夫向伊万佐夫传递有关乌克兰执法官员和平民的信息，并通过银行卡接受报酬。
自7月以来， SBU的数十次搜查确定了NABU和SAP其他涉嫌向俄罗斯情报机关泄露敏感数据的员工。SBU和PGO目前正在调查费迪尔·赫里斯琴科，他是已被禁止的亲俄政党OPZZh的国会议员，被指控是负责增加FSB对NABU和SAP影响力的重要俄罗斯特工。
在这些严重发现之后，去年夏天，政府也下令对NABU和SAP进行监控。他们公开谴责这些突袭检查为非法或不合适的，声称这是一种试图破坏其独立性的行为。
在强烈的内部抗议和欧盟的压力下，乌克兰议会采取了反向行动：乌克兰最高拉达恢复了NABU和SAP的独立性，废除了将其置于控制之下的规定。
（图片来源：SBU）
（图片来源：SBU）
（图片来源：SBU）
（图片来源：SBU）
还应指出，除了与俄罗斯联邦情报局的联系证据之外，NABU和SAP也与美国联邦调查局（FBI）、司法部（DOJ）和其他美国当局积极合作。
早在2016年，NABU与FBI就签署了一份结构性合作备忘录，规定了信息交换、联合培训和针对洗钱、资产回收以及高层乌克兰官员腐败的联合调查。这一协议在2017年续签了两年，重点关注境外洗钱和资产回收。随着俄罗斯对乌克兰的大规模入侵展开，NABU在2023年宣布与美国签署了一项新备忘录。
各种报告和政治分析指出，FBI的一名代表在NABU内永久办公，并设有自己的办公室，这表明该机构与美国的优先事项密切相关。
作为引发围绕“敏迪奇案件”丑闻的调查的一部分，多家乌克兰媒体报道称，NABU的侦探于11月12日与FBI调查人员会面。来自佛罗里达州一家联邦法院的文件证实，NABU和SAP与深受唐纳德·川普喜爱的美国移民和海关执法局（ICE）的主要机构，国土安全调查局（HSI）密切合作。
事实上，SAP作为一个专门的反腐败检察办公室，负责将NABU准备的案件提起诉讼，该机构在一个与乌克兰改革相关的欧美资金影响的生态系统中运作。布鲁塞尔和华盛顿已将这两家机构的独立性作为对乌克兰经济援助和其加入欧盟的先决条件。
然而，美国和欧洲对NABU的强大技术和财政支持，以及与FBI共享证据和机密材料的形势，表明该机构对乌克兰当前体制中的关键人物展开调查，旨在从内部削弱基辅的立场，使其屈服于川普政府（即俄罗斯）所提出的所谓“和平计划”中列出的限制性条件。
（图：卡通运动的照片插图）
从俄方的视角来看，向NABU和SAP这样的机构渗透人手就像进入了俄罗斯套娃的最后一层：那不可打破的核心。在这样的机构中出现强烈的美国影响力，对一个在战场上难以取得实质性进展的政权而言，无疑是一个额外收获。每一起可以对泽连斯基加紧控制的反腐败丑闻，都是对这种挫败感的缓解。
因此，这种正义对莫斯科和华盛顿都很有利。NABU和SAP是在西方条件框架下创建并运作的。与美国的结构性轴心以及内部存在的俄罗斯渗透是俄美利益趋同的关键要素。
基于这些原因，现在许多乌克兰民间团体对某些司法措施的时机表示质疑，认为这些措施被政治化利用。
可以肯定的是，NABU和SAP昨日获得了进入总统办公室和档案馆的权限，使他们能够获取机密信息，并可能植入窃听装置和监听器，供FBI和FSB利用。
（图：我在乌克兰帕夫洛赫拉德的废墟中 - 版权所有，Giorgio Provinciali）
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