美国一直在遣返不合格的中国公民，但中国政府一直不怎么合作。这次的协议可以让遣返容易些。

https://www.nbcnews.com/investigations/us-china-high-level-talks-deport-chinese-nationals-mayorkas-says-rcna146590

ICE records indicate it deported 288 people to China last fiscal year; meanwhile, the number of Chinese nationals living in the U.S. with final orders of deportation is around 100,000, according to internal data obtained last year by The New York Times.