IAEA 标准肯定考虑了排放后，附近的人每年受辐射的计量低于标准设定的数字。 但IAEA有没有考虑海洋中的生物在接受辐射后，又被人吃下去而产生的辐射剂量？要是有个很喜欢是海鲜的人，吃到这些被污染的海洋生物后，每年的所有内辐射是否会超标。 这些是很难算出来的，要模拟也很不好模拟。
当然这属于很专业的内容了，IAEA 的专家们肯定是想过这些。
核辐射致癌是不争的事实，而且核辐射致癌没有一个阈值，基本原则是越高致癌风险越高。 当然，自然中本来就有本底辐射，来自宇宙射线，来自大地中的岩石。 中国有些地区的本底辐射量还不小。
IAEA对日本排放的报告规定日本要对人的一生中（70岁前）因为排放的原因接受内外放射的总量负责任。
In order to ensure the proper protection of future generation, the Task Force decided to corroborate that the dose commitment, rather than the dose incurred, is the fundamental quantity for determining compliance with the international safety standards. The fundamental quantity for assessing doses shall be the dose due to external exposure in a year plus the committed dose from intakes of radionuclides in that year. This means that the total annual dose calculated is that received over a lifetime (assumed to be until the age of 70) from intakes of radionuclides due to the ALPS treated water that is discharged to the sea in an assigned year.
至于释放的氚对环境的影响，报告中说：
There are three main sources of natural tritium on earth: production in the atmosphere by cosmic rays; production in the atmosphere by energetic particles originated from solar coronal mass ejections; and direct accretion from the sun. Tritium produced by natural processes on earth is rapidly converted into HTO, which then enters the global hydrological cycle. The annual production of tritium due to natural processes is estimated to be around 280 grams, with annual production varying between 220 to 330 grams due to the variation in the intensity of cosmic due to the solar cycle variations.
The average value of 280 grams in a year corresponds to the activity in the order of 100 PBq (100,000 TBq) in a year. The global inventory of tritium is estimated to be about 2,000 PBq (2,000,000 TBq). The limit on the amount of tritium in the treated water to be released each year is 22 TBq. This is about 5,000 2 6 times lower than the annual production on the planet due to natural processes, and much less than the variation from year to year in the annual production.
The tritium natural background level in the Pacific Ocean is in the range of 0.1-1 Bq/L. The ocean dispersion modelling conducted by TEPCO indicates that concentrations of tritium above natural background concentrations will be limited to within 3 km of the discharge point at FDNPS. The concentration is much lower than the natural background level at the boundary of the model simulation range (490 km x 270 km), the maximum value being 0.00026 Bq/L, which is three to four orders of magnitude lower than the natural background level.
https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/iaea_comprehensive_alps_report.pdf
