世卫关于中国疾控中心新发布的SARS-CoV-2基因组数据的声明

https://www.who.int/news/item/18-03-2023-sago-statement-on-newly-released-sars-cov-2-metagenomics-data-from-china-cdc-on-gisaid

SAGO statement on newly released SARS-CoV-2 metagenomics data from China CDC on GISAID

世卫新型病原体溯源科学咨询小组关于中国疾控中心在GISAID上新发布的SARS-CoV-2基因组数据的声明

 

2023 年 3 月 12 日，世卫组织获悉与 2020 年 1 月在中国武汉华南海鲜批发市场收集的样本相关的新 SARS-CoV-2 序列和基因组数据，这些数据在短时间出现在GISAID 网站，这些数据随后被来自多个国家的一些研究人员下载。不久之后访问受到限制，显然是为了让中国疾病预防控制中心进一步更新数据。世卫组织随后立即联系了中国疾控中心和 新型病原体溯源科学咨询小组（SAGO）的主席和副主席，中国同事向世卫解释说，基因组数据是对现有Liu 等人2022预印本(1)进行预期更新的基础，中国疾病预防控制中心正在向「自然Nature」杂志重新投稿。

On 12 March 2023, WHO was made aware of new SARS-CoV-2 sequences and metagenomics data associated with samples collected in the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, Wuhan, China, from January 2020, that became available on GISAID for a short period of time. The data had subsequently been downloaded by a number of researchers from several countries. Access was restricted shortly after, apparently to allow further data updates by China CDC.  WHO then immediately reached out to China CDC and to the Chair and Vice-Chair of SAGO. Upon discussions between WHO and Chinese colleagues, it was explained that the genomic data are the basis for an expected update to the existing Liu et al. 2022 preprint (1), which is in the process of being re-submitted for publication to Nature by China CDC.

 

在与SAGO 主席和副主席讨论后，世卫于 3 月 12 日安排了与来自中国疾病预防控制中心的科学家以及一些访问过 GISAID 数据的科学家的电话会议，以评估该数据的重要性和这些数据的分析。2023 年 3 月 14 日世卫又组织了一次与所有 SAGO 成员的会议，并邀请中国疾病预防控制中心的研究人员介绍他们的最新数据分析。WHO 和 SAGO 还邀请了从 GISAID 获取数据的研究人员来介绍他们对临时发布的序列的分析。 

After discussions with the WHO secretariat and the SAGO Chair and Vice-Chair, a call was arranged on 12 March with the scientists involved from China CDC, and some of those who had accessed the data from GISAID, to gauge the significance of this data and the analyses of this data. WHO subsequently organized a meeting on 14 March 2023 with all SAGO members, and invited researchers from China CDC to present the updated analysis of their data. WHO and SAGO also invited the researchers who had informed WHO that they had accessed data from GISAID, to present their analysis of the temporarily released sequences. 

 

中国疾病预防控制中心和受邀国际研究人员的介绍表明，华南海鲜批发市场有新的可用数据。这包括早在 2020 年 1 月就从各个摊位和废水收集点收集的环境样本的宏基因组数据。对这些数据的分析表明，除了 SARS-CoV-2 序列外，一些样本还包含人类 DNA，以及几种动物的线粒体 DNA动物物种，包括一些已知易感染SARS-CoV-2 的物种。这包括 SARS-CoV-2 阳性环境样本中来自野生浣熊、马来西亚豪猪和竹鼠等的 DNA。

The presentations from China CDC and invited international researchers indicated that there were newly available data from the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market.This included metagenomic data of environmental samples from various stalls and wastewater collection sites collected as early as January 2020. Analyses of these data suggest that apart from SARS-CoV-2 sequences, some samples also contained human DNA, as well as mitochondrial DNA of several animal species, including some that are known to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. This included DNA from wild raccoon dogs, Malaysian porcupine, and bamboo rats among others, in SARS-CoV-2 positive environmental samples.

 

调查结果表明，作为中国当局公共卫生措施的一部分，这些动物在 2020 年 1 月 1 日市场清场前不久在市场上出售。这些结果为确定 SARS-CoV-2 的中间宿主和市场上人类感染的潜在来源提供了潜在线索。

The findings suggest that animals were present at the market shortly before the market had been cleared on 1 January 2020, as part of the public health measures by Chinese authorities. These results provide potential leads to identifying intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2 and potential sources of human infections in the market. 

 

跟据LIU等中国作者预印本（刘等2022 年）的文章，2020 年初从市场内的环境和动物收集的 1380 个样本中，73/923 个环境样本从市场内外的各个摊位和污水处理系统检测出 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 RT-qPCR 阳性，但在检测的 457 个动物样本中未检测到病毒。动物样本包括动物尸体、冷冻动物尸体和动物产品，以及市场周围的流浪动物，涵盖18个物种。根据预印本，浣熊不在测试的动物之列。然而，在新分析中确定的环境样本宏基因组数据中存在高水平的貉线粒体 DNA，这表明在作为公共卫生干预措施清理市场之前，浣熊和其他动物可能已经存在。

According to the Chinese’s authors pre-print (Liu et al 2022), of 1380, samples collected from the environment and animals within the market in early 2020, 73/923 environmental samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific RT-qPCR, from various stalls and sewerage systems in and around the market, but no virus was detected in 457 animal samples tested. The animal samples included animal bodies, frozen animal carcases and animal products, as well as stray animals around the market, and covered 18 species. According to the preprint, raccoon dogs were not amongst the animals tested. However, the presence of high levels of raccoon dog mitochondrial DNA in the metagenomics data from environmental samples identified in the new analysis, suggest that raccoon dog and other animals may have been present before the market was cleaned as part of the public health intervention. 

 

历史照片证据表明过去这些特定摊位出售浣熊狗和其他动物。尽管这不能提供关于病毒的中间宿主或起源的确凿证据，但数据提供了市场上存在可能成为人类感染源的易感动物的进一步证据。

SAGO will continue to evaluate any and all scientific data shared by Chinese and other researchers from anywhere in the world. SAGO encourages any and all data related to the studying of the origins of SARS-CoV-2 be made available immediately for robust and comprehensive review.

 

SAGO 将继续评估中国和世界各地其他研究人员共享的所有科学数据。SAGO 鼓励立即提供与 SARS-CoV-2 起源研究相关的任何和所有数据，以进行有力和全面的审查。

Historical photographic evidence was provided that shows raccoon dogs and other animals were sold at these specific stalls in the past. Although this does not provide conclusive evidence as to the intermediate host or origins of the virus, the data provide further evidence of the presence of susceptible animals at the market that may have been a source of human infections.

 

如前所述，世卫新型病原体溯源科学咨询小组 SAGO 强烈建议中国的研究人员深入调查2020 年 1 月 1 日关闭和清除所有动物产品之前华南市场存在的动物和动物产品的上游来源。 

As mentioned in SAGO's preliminary report (2), the SAGO strongly recommends that researchers in China investigate the upstream sources of the animals and animal products present in Huanan market just before its closure and removal of all animal products on 1 January 2020. 

 

此外，SAGO 鼓励在 GISAID 或任何其他序列数据库上公开任何和所有可用的测序和宏基因组数据，并尽快共享正在审查的预印本，以便科学界拥有进一步分析这些的机会。此外，SAGO 鼓励研究人员使用这些数据与中国研究人员合作和互动。WHO 和 SAGO 乐于促进这些合作。

Furthermore, SAGO would like to encourage any and all available sequencing and metagenomic data to be made public on GISAID, or any other sequence database, and the pre-prints that are in review to be shared as soon as possible so the scientific community has the opportunity to analyse these further. In addition, SAGO encourages researchers using this data to collaborate and engage with Chinese researchers. WHO and SAGO are happy to facilitate these collaborations.