The Turkish trial data for CoronaVac is based on analysis of 1,322 participants which included 29 infected people, and efficacy evaluations were made 14 days after the second dose was administered.
Authorities initially planned to announce results when the number of patients reached 40, but released interim evaluation as the country looks to grant emergency use authorization.
Indonesia, which is also considering the shot for mass inoculation, confused the world earlier this month when state-owned Bio Farma said the vaccine's efficacy was 97%. It later clarified that the prevention rate could not be determined yet and it was necessary to wait for complete data.
"When you are not able to release sufficient details, it's probably better not to make your announcement like that," said Paul Griffin, a professor at the University of Queensland who is also running a number of COVID-19 vaccine studies.
With efficacy data in Turkey based on just 1,322 subjects and small infection cases, experts say more data from a larger number of participants would be needed to seek regulatory approval.
"It's difficult to determine how well (the) Sinovac vaccine works based solely on 29 coronavirus cases," Kim said.
"It would be good to have more volunteers and more infections, which would boost the robustness of the efficacy data."
That would make data from Brazil crucial where it has completed a trial with 13,000 volunteers, while studies in Turkey and Indonesia involve more than 7,000 and 1,600 respectively.
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