据专家介绍，飞机的设计中，已经考虑了在水上降落的情况。只要机组操作不出现失误，迫降的飞机就可以在水面上漂浮，就可以使乘客得以逃生。
A320的机翼靠下，可以使飞机机身的大部分处于水面之上。
NEW YORK – The survival of everyone aboard the plane that landed in the Hudson River might seem like a miracle.
But planes are designed to survive water landings, and a skilled crew can use those design elements to keep a ditched aircraft afloat and the passengers safe, according to Bill Waldock, a professor of safety science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Prescott, Ariz.
"You've heard of airworthiness," he said. "Planes are also designed for crashworthiness."
Waldock, who is also a pilot and an aircraft accident investigator, said planes, like ships, will float "as long as you don't let the plane get full of water. It's the buoyancy provided by the air in the plane."
In this case, the plane that went down Thursday was an Airbus 320, which has a low wing. This allowed most of the fuselage to remain above water, contributing to the aircraft's buoyancy, he said.
Waldock said the escape slide that is sometimes used to evacuate passengers from planes on tarmacs can also double as flotation devices for aircraft, as it did Thursday.
But he emphasized the skill displayed by the crew in that operation, starting with the pilot.
"He put the tail in the water and gradually slowed the airplane down as much as possible," Waldock said. "You're still going to get a jolt when it slows down enough, but if you do it right, and let the tail hit first, the tail will absorb some of the energy of the impact and bleed it out."
He said a water landing is by no means intrinsically soft. "If you've ever done a belly flop off a diving board, you know water is as hard as concrete. If you hit it wrong, it's an incompressible force."
After the pilot eased the plane into the river, Waldock said, "the flight attendant side of things came into play. You cannot open the cabin door. If you do, the airplane will sink quickly because it fills with water. Your procedures after a ditching are to use the overwing exits and evacuate the passengers out on the wing."
A320的机翼靠下，可以使飞机机身的大部分处于水面之上。
NEW YORK – The survival of everyone aboard the plane that landed in the Hudson River might seem like a miracle.
But planes are designed to survive water landings, and a skilled crew can use those design elements to keep a ditched aircraft afloat and the passengers safe, according to Bill Waldock, a professor of safety science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Prescott, Ariz.
"You've heard of airworthiness," he said. "Planes are also designed for crashworthiness."
Waldock, who is also a pilot and an aircraft accident investigator, said planes, like ships, will float "as long as you don't let the plane get full of water. It's the buoyancy provided by the air in the plane."
In this case, the plane that went down Thursday was an Airbus 320, which has a low wing. This allowed most of the fuselage to remain above water, contributing to the aircraft's buoyancy, he said.
Waldock said the escape slide that is sometimes used to evacuate passengers from planes on tarmacs can also double as flotation devices for aircraft, as it did Thursday.
But he emphasized the skill displayed by the crew in that operation, starting with the pilot.
"He put the tail in the water and gradually slowed the airplane down as much as possible," Waldock said. "You're still going to get a jolt when it slows down enough, but if you do it right, and let the tail hit first, the tail will absorb some of the energy of the impact and bleed it out."
He said a water landing is by no means intrinsically soft. "If you've ever done a belly flop off a diving board, you know water is as hard as concrete. If you hit it wrong, it's an incompressible force."
After the pilot eased the plane into the river, Waldock said, "the flight attendant side of things came into play. You cannot open the cabin door. If you do, the airplane will sink quickly because it fills with water. Your procedures after a ditching are to use the overwing exits and evacuate the passengers out on the wing."
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