就怕他的鼓动给整出几个faithless electors

List of faithless electorsEdit

The following is a list of all faithless electors (in reverse chronological order). The number preceding each entry is the number of faithless electors for the given year.

2000 to presentEdit

1 – 2004 election: An anonymous Minnesotaelector, pledged for Democrats John Kerryand John Edwards, cast his or her presidential vote for John Ewards [sic],^[7]rather than Kerry, presumably by accident.^[8](All of Minnesota's electors cast their vice presidential ballots for John Edwards.) Minnesota's electors cast secret ballots, so unless one of the electors claims responsibility, it is unlikely that the identity of the faithless elector will ever be known. As a result of this incident, Minnesota Statutes were amended to provide for public balloting of the electors' votes and invalidation of a vote cast for someone other than the candidate to whom the elector is pledged.^[9]

1 – 2000 election: Washington, D.C. ElectorBarbara Lett-Simmons, pledged for Democrats Al Gore and Joe Lieberman, cast no electoral votes as a protest of Washington D.C.'s lack of congressional representation.^[10]

1968 to 1996Edit

1 – 1988 election: West Virginia ElectorMargarette Leach, pledged for DemocratsMichael Dukakis and Lloyd Bentsen, but as a form of protest against the winner-take-all custom of the Electoral College, instead cast her votes for the candidates in the reverse of their positions on the national ticket; her presidential vote went to Bentsen and her vice presidential vote to Dukakis.^[11]

1 – 1976 election: Washington Elector Mike Padden, pledged for Republicans Gerald Ford and Bob Dole, cast his presidential electoral vote for Ronald Reagan, who had challenged Ford for the Republican nomination. He cast his vice presidential vote, as pledged, for Dole.

1 – 1972 election: Virginia Elector Roger MacBride, pledged for Republicans Richard Nixon and Spiro Agnew, cast his electoral votes for Libertarian candidates John Hospers and Theodora Nathan. MacBride's vote for Nathan was the first electoral vote cast for a woman in U.S. history. MacBride became the Libertarian candidate for President in the 1976 election.

1 – 1968 election: North Carolina ElectorLloyd W. Bailey, pledged for RepublicansRichard Nixon and Spiro Agnew, cast his votes for American Independent Partycandidates George Wallace and Curtis LeMay.

1912 to 1960Edit

1 – 1960 election: Oklahoma Elector Henry D. Irwin, pledged for Republicans Richard Nixon and Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., cast his presidential electoral vote for Democratic non-candidate Harry F. Byrd and his vice presidential electoral vote for RepublicanBarry Goldwater. (Fourteen unpledged electors also voted for Byrd for president, but supported Strom Thurmond, then a Democrat, for vice president.)

1 – 1956 election: Alabama Elector W. F. Turner, pledged for Democrats Adlai Stevenson and Estes Kefauver, cast his votes for Walter Burgwyn Jones and Herman Talmadge.

1 – 1948 election: Two Tennessee electors were on both the Democratic Party and theStates' Rights Democratic Party slates. When the Democratic Party slate won, one of these electors voted for the Democratic nominees Harry S. Truman and Alben W. Barkley. The other, Preston Parks, cast his votes for States' Rights Democratic Partycandidates Strom Thurmond and Fielding L. Wright, making him a faithless elector.

8 – 1912 election: Republican vice presidential candidate James S. Shermandied before the election. Eight Republican electors had pledged their votes to him but voted for Nicholas Murray Butler instead.

1872 to 1896Edit

4 – 1896 election: The Democratic Party and the People’s Party both ran William Jennings Bryan as their presidential candidate, but ran different candidates for Vice President. The Democratic Party nominated Arthur Sewalland the People’s Party nominated Thomas E. Watson. The People's Party won 31 electoral votes but four of those electors voted with the Democratic ticket, supporting Bryan as President and Sewall as Vice President.

1 – 1892 election: In Oregon, three electors voted for Republican Benjamin Harrison and one faithless elector voted for the third-party Populist candidate, James B. Weaver. All four were pledged to President Harrison, who lost the election.

63 – 1872 election: Horace Greeley died before the electoral vote. 63 of his electors cast their presidential votes for four non-candidates instead of the late Greeley. Three of his electors voted for him anyway; these votes were not counted by Congress.

1812 to 1836Edit

23 – 1836 election: The 23 electors fromVirginia were pledged to vote for Democraticcandidates Martin Van Buren (for President) and Richard Mentor Johnson (for Vice President). However, they abstained from voting for Johnson, because of his open (and therefore scandalous) liaison with a slave mistress. This left Johnson with one fewer than a majority of electoral votes. Johnson was subsequently elected Vice President by the Senate.

32 – 1832 election: Two National Republican Party electors from the state of Marylandrefused to vote for presidential candidateHenry Clay and did not cast a vote for him or for his running mate. All 30 electors fromPennsylvania refused to support the Democratic vice presidential candidateMartin Van Buren, voting instead for William Wilkins.

7 – 1828 election: Seven of nine electors from Georgia refused to vote for vice presidential candidate John C. Calhoun. All seven cast their vice presidential votes forWilliam Smith instead.

1 – 1820 election: William Plumer pledged to vote for Democratic-Republican candidateJames Monroe, but he cast his vote for John Quincy Adams, who was also a Democratic-Republican, but not a candidate in the 1820 election. Some historians contend that Plumer did not feel that the Electoral College should unanimously elect any President other than George Washington, but this claim is disputed. (Monroe lost another three votes because three electors died before casting ballots and were not replaced.)

4 – 1812 election: Three electors pledged to vote for Federalist vice presidential candidate Jared Ingersoll voted forDemocratic-Republican Elbridge Gerry. OneOhio elector did not vote.

Before 1812Edit

6 – 1808 election: Six electors from New York were pledged to vote for Democratic-Republican James Madison for President and George Clinton for Vice President. Instead, they voted for Clinton to be President, with three voting for Madison for Vice President and the other three voting forJames Monroe for Vice President.

1 - 1800 election: A faithless elector in New York, pledged to vote for Democratic-Republican candidates Thomas Jeffersonand Aaron Burr, tried instead to vote twice for Aaron Burr. This additional vote would have given Burr the highest total of electoral votes, and he would have been elected President. But Article 2, Section 3, of the Constitution prohibited an elector from casting both votes for an inhabitant of the same state as the elector; Burr was a resident of New York. So the state of New York reassigned the second vote to Jefferson. This placed Burr and Jefferson in a tie; Jefferson was subsequently elected by the House of Representatives.

19 – 1796 election: Samuel Miles, an elector from Pennsylvania, was pledged to vote forFederalist presidential candidate John Adams, but voted for Democratic-Republican candidate Thomas Jefferson. He cast his other presidential vote as pledged for Thomas Pinckney. An additional 18 electors voted for Adams as pledged, but refused to vote for Pinckney.^[12] (This election took place prior to the passage of the 12th Amendment, so there were not separate ballots for President and Vice President.)