【刺五加 webmd】

 

 

 

--------------------

 

https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-985/ginseng-siberian

 

 

Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs) interacts with GINSENG, SIBERIAN

Siberian ginseng might affect blood sugar, either lowering or increasing blood sugar levels. Diabetes medications are also used to lower blood sugar. Taking Siberian ginseng along with diabetes medications might cause your blood sugar to go too low or cause your diabetes medication to be less effective. Monitor your blood sugar closely. The dose of your diabetes medication might need to be changed.<br /><br /> Some medications used for diabetes include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), glipizide (Glucotrol), tolbutamide (Orinase), and others.

 

---------

Rxlist

 

https://www.rxlist.com/siberian_ginseng/supplements.htm

SIBERIAN GINSENG

 

 

home   vitamins, herbs, dietary supplements a-z listsiberian ginseng

Privacy & Trust Info

• What other names is Siberian Ginseng known by?
• What is Siberian Ginseng?
• How does Siberian Ginseng work?
• Are there safety concerns?
• Are there any interactions with medications?
• Dosing considerations for Siberian Ginseng.

WHAT OTHER NAMES IS SIBERIAN GINSENG KNOWN BY?

Acanthopanax Obovatus, Acanthopanax Obovatus Hoo, Acanthopanax senticosus, Buisson du Diable, Ci Wu Jia, Ciwujia, Ciwujia Root, Ciwujia Root Extract, Devil's Bush, Devil's Shrub, Éleuthéro, Eleuthero Extract, Eleuthero Ginseng, Eleuthero Root, Eleutherococci Radix, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Éleuthérocoque, Ginseng de Sibérie, Ginseng des Russes, Ginseng Root, Ginseng Siberiano, Ginseng Sibérien, Hedera senticosa, North Wu Jia Pi, Phytoestrogen, Plante Secrète des Russes, Poivre Sauvage, Prickly Eleutherococcus, Racine d'Eleuthérocoque, Racine de Ginseng, Racine Russe, Russian Root, Shigoka, Siberian Eleuthero, Siberian Ginseng, Thorny Bearer of Free Berries, Touch-Me-Not, Untouchable, Ussuri, Ussurian Thorny Pepperbrush, Wild Pepper, Wu Jia Pi, Wu-jia.
 

WHAT IS SIBERIAN GINSENG?

Siberian ginseng is a plant. People use the root of the plant to make medicine.

Siberian ginseng is often called an "adaptogen." This is a non-medical term used to describe substances that can supposedly strengthen the body and increase general resistance to daily stress.

In addition to being used as an adaptogen, Siberian ginseng is used for conditions of the heart and blood vessels such as high blood pressure, low blood pressure, hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), and rheumatic heart disease.

It is also used for kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic fatigue syndrome, diabetes, high cholesterol, improving loss of sensation in extremities (peripheral neuropathy), fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, reducing the effects of a hangover, flu, colds, chronic bronchitis, and tuberculosis. It is also used for treating the side effects of cancer chemotherapy.

Some people use Siberian ginseng to improve athletic performance and the ability to do work. They also use it to treat sleep problems (insomnia) and the symptoms of infections caused by herpes simplex type 2.

It is also used to boost the immune system, prevent colds, and increase appetite.

In manufacturing, Siberian ginseng is added to skin care products.

Don't confuse Siberian ginseng with other types of ginseng. Siberian ginseng is not the same herb as American or Panax ginseng. Be careful about which product you choose. American and Panax ginseng can be a lot more expensive. It is said that years ago, the Soviet Union wanted to provide its athletes with the advantages offered by ginseng but wanted a less expensive version. So, Siberian ginseng became popular, and this is why most studies on Siberian ginseng have been done in Russia.

You should know that the quality of Siberian ginseng products varies a lot. Siberian ginseng is often misidentified or contains "adulterants," which are other ingredients that do not contribute to the benefit of the product, but take up space in the product. Silk vine is a common adulterant of Siberian ginseng.

Before taking Siberian ginseng, talk with your healthcare provider if you take any medications. This herb interacts with many prescription drugs.
 

SLIDESHOW

Vitamin D Deficiency: How Much Vitamin D Is Enough?See Slideshow

POSSIBLY EFFECTIVE FOR...

• Bipolar disorder. Taking Siberian ginseng plus lithium by mouth for 6 weeks appears to induce a similar response rate and remission rate as taking lithium plus fluoxetine in people with bipolar disorder.
• Relieving symptoms of the common cold, when used in combination with an herb called andrographis. Some clinical research shows that taking a specific combination product containing Siberian ginseng plus andrographis (Kan Jang, Swedish Herbal Institute) by mouth improves symptoms of the common cold when started within 72 hours of symptom onset. Some symptoms can improve after 2 days of treatment. However, it generally takes 4-5 days of treatment for the maximum benefit. Some research suggests this combination of Siberian ginseng and andrographis relieves cold symptoms in children better than echinacea. Also taking a specific product containing Siberian ginseng, echinacea, and malabar nut (Kan Jang, Swedish Herbal Institute) for 6 days appears to improve coughing and congestion better than taking the drug bromohexine.
• Diabetes. Taking Siberian ginseng extract appears to decrease blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes.
• A viral infection called herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2). Taking a specific Siberian ginseng extract, standardized to contain a specific ginseng ingredient called eleutheroside 0.3% (Elagen), seems to reduce the number, severity, and duration of herpes simplex type 2 infections.

INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO RATE EFFECTIVENESS FOR...

• Improving athletic performance. Research on the effects of Siberian ginseng for improving athletic performance is conflicting. Some research shows that taking a specific Siberian ginseng product (Endurox) does not seem to improve breathing or heart rate recovery following treadmill, cycling, or stair-stepping exercises. Also, taking a Siberian ginseng liquid extract that contains chemicals called eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E does not appear to improve endurance or performance in trained distance runners. However, other research shows that taking powdered Siberian ginseng containing these two chemicals might improve breathing and endurance while cycling.
• Chronic fatigue syndrome. Taking Siberian ginseng by mouth does not seem to reduce symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome.
• Mental performance. Early research suggests that Siberian ginseng might improve memory and feelings of well-being in middle-aged people. Also, taking a combination of rhodiola, schisandra, and Siberian ginseng (ADAPT-232) seems to improve attention and mental speed and accuracy in women experiencing mental stress.
• An inherited disorder that causes swelling and fevers (Familial Mediterranean fever). Early research suggests that taking a combination of Siberian ginseng, andrographis, schisandra, andlicorice (ImmunoGuard, Inspired Nutritionals) reduces the duration, number, and severity of attaches of familial Mediterranean fever in children.
• Hangover. Early research suggests that taking Siberian ginseng extract might relieve some symptoms associated with a hangover.
• Heart disease. Early research suggests that injecting Siberian ginseng intravenously (by IV) might help reduce some risk factors for heart disease, including high cholesterol and an abnormalheart rate.
• High Cholesterol. Taking Siberian ginseng extract appears to decrease triglyceride and total cholesterol levels.
• Flu. Early research suggests that taking a specific product containing Siberian ginseng plus andrographis (Kan Jang, Swedish Herbal Institute) helps relieve symptoms faster and reduce the risk of flu complications better than taking the drug amantadine.
• Stress. Early research suggests taking Siberian ginseng root has no effect on stress levels when taken alone or with stress management training.
• Stroke. Early research suggests that injecting Siberian ginseng intravenously (by IV) might help treat strokes caused by a blockage of blood vessels that supply blood to the brain.
• Osteoarthritis. Taking a combination of Panax ginseng, Siberian ginseng, and rehmannia for 6 weeks seems to improve physical function in people with knee osteoarthritis. However, the combination does not seem to reduce pain or stiffness.
• Osteoporosis. Early research suggests that adding rehmannia and Siberian ginseng to calciumplus vitamin D treatment for one year helps reduce the loss of bone density in the spine and thigh bone in postmenopausal women.
• Pneumonia. Early research suggests that taking a combination of rhodiola, schisandra, and Siberian ginseng (Chisan) along with standard treatment for 10-15 days helps reduce the length of time that antibiotics are needed and may improve quality of life in people with pneumoniabetter than standard treatment alone.
• Quality of life. Some research shows that Siberian ginseng significantly improves sociability andsense of well-being in people over 65 years of age after 4 weeks of treatment. But the effects seem to disappear after 8 weeks.
• Alzheimer's disease.
• Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
• Bronchitis.
• Chemotherapy side effects.
• Fatigue.
• Fibromyalgia.
• Kidney problems.
• Low oxygen levels.
• Motion sickness.
• Tuberculosis.
• High cholesterol.
• Other conditions.

More evidence is needed to rate Siberian ginseng for these uses.
 

HOW DOES SIBERIAN GINSENG WORK?

Siberian ginseng contains many chemicals that affect the brain, immune system, and certain hormones. It might also contain chemicals that have activity against some bacteria and viruses.
 

ARE THERE SAFETY CONCERNS?

Siberian ginseng is LIKELY SAFE for most adults when taken by mouth, short-term. While side effectsare rare, some people can have drowsiness, changes in heart rhythm, sadness, anxiety, muscle spasms, and other side effects. In high doses, increased blood pressure might occur.

Siberian ginseng is POSSIBLY SAFE for most adults when taken by mouth, long-term, or when injected intravenously (by IV), short term. Siberian ginseng has been taken by mouth in combination with rehmannia, calcium, and vitamin D for up to one year. Siberian ginseng has been injected by IV for up to 2 weeks.
 

Special Precautions & Warnings:

Children: Siberian ginseng is POSSIBLY SAFE in teenagers (ages 12-17 years) when taken by mouth for up to 6 weeks. There is not enough reliable information about the safety of Siberian ginseng when taken by teenagers long-term. 

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There is not enough reliable information about the safety of taking Siberian ginseng if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Bleeding disorders: Siberian ginseng contains chemicals that might slow blood clotting. In theory, Siberian ginseng might increase the risk of bleeding and bruising in people with bleeding disorders.

Heart conditions: Siberian ginseng can cause a pounding heart, irregular heartbeat, and high blood pressure. People who have heart disorders (e.g., "hardening of the arteries," rheumatic heart disease, or history of heart attack) should use Siberian ginseng only under a healthcare provider's supervision.

Diabetes: Siberian ginseng might increase or decrease blood sugar. In theory, Siberian ginseng mightaffect blood sugar control in people with diabetes. Monitor your blood sugar carefully if you take Siberian ginseng and have diabetes.

Hormone-sensitive conditions such as breast cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, endometriosis, or uterine fibroids: Siberian ginseng might act like estrogen. If you have any conditionthat might be made worse by exposure to estrogen, don't use Siberian ginseng.

High blood pressure: Siberian ginseng should not be used by people with blood pressure over 180/90. Siberian ginseng might make high blood pressure worse.

Mental conditions such as mania or schizophrenia: Siberian ginseng might make these conditions worse. Use with caution.
 

QUESTION

Next to red peppers, you can get the most vitamin C from ________________.See Answer

ARE THERE ANY INTERACTIONS WITH MEDICATIONS?

---

Alcohol (Ethanol)
Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Talk with your health provider.

Alcohol can cause sedative effects such as sleepiness and drowsiness. Siberian ginseng might also cause sleepiness and drowsiness. Taking large amounts of Siberian ginseng along with alcohol might cause you to become too sedated.

---

Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Talk with your health provider.

Digoxin (Lanoxin) helps the heart beat more strongly. One person had too much digoxin in their system while taking a natural product that might have had Siberian ginseng in it. But it is unclear if Siberian ginseng or other herbs in the supplement were the cause.

---

Lithium
Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Talk with your health provider.

Siberian ginseng might have an effect like a "water pill" or diuretic. Taking Siberian ginseng might decrease how well the body gets rid of lithium. This could increase how much lithium is in the body and result in serious side effects. Talk with your healthcare provider before using this product if you are taking lithium. Your lithium dose might need to be changed.

---

Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) substrates)
Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Talk with your health provider.

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Siberian ginseng might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. Taking Siberian ginseng along with medications that are changed by the liver might increase the effects and side effects of some medications. Before taking Siberian ginseng, talk to your healthcare provider if you take any medications that are changed by the liver.

Some of these medications that are changed by the liver include clozapine (Clozaril), cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), fluvoxamine (Luvox), haloperidol (Haldol), imipramine (Tofranil), mexiletine (Mexitil), olanzapine (Zyprexa), pentazocine (Talwin), propranolol (Inderal), tacrine (Cognex), theophylline (Slo-bid, Theo-Dur, others), zileuton (Zyflo), zolmitriptan (Zomig), and others.

---

Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) substrates)
Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Talk with your health provider.

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Siberian ginseng might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. Taking Siberian ginseng along with medications that are broken down by the liver can increase the effects and side effects of some medications. Before taking Siberian ginseng, talk to your healthcare provider if you take any medications that are changed by the liver.

Some medications that are changed by the liver include amitriptyline (Elavil), diazepam (Valium), zileuton (Zyflo), celecoxib (Celebrex), diclofenac (Voltaren), fluvastatin (Lescol), glipizide (Glucotrol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar), phenytoin (Dilantin), piroxicam (Feldene), tamoxifen (Nolvadex), tolbutamide (Tolinase), torsemide (Demadex), warfarin (Coumadin), estradiol (Estrace), tacrine (Cognex), verapamil (Calan), and others.

---

Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs)
Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Talk with your health provider.

Siberian ginseng might affect blood sugar by lowering blood sugar levels. Diabetes medications are also used to lower blood sugar. Taking Siberian ginseng along with diabetes medications might cause your blood sugar to go too low or cause your diabetes medication to be less effective. Monitor your blood sugar closely. The dose of your diabetes medication might need to be changed.

Some medications used for diabetes include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), glipizide (Glucotrol), tolbutamide (Orinase), and others.

---

Medications moved by pumps in cells (Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates)
Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Talk with your health provider.

Some medications are moved by pumps in cells. Siberian ginseng might change how these pumps work and decrease how much of some medications get absorbed by the body. This could make these medications less effective. Some of these medications that are moved by pumps in cells include bosentan (Tracleer), celiprolol (Celicard, others), etoposide (VePesid), fexofenadine (Allegra), fluoroquinolone antibiotics, glyburide (Micronase, Diabeta), irinotecan (Camptosar), methotrexate, nadolol (Corgard), paclitaxel (Taxol), saquinavir (Fortovase, Invirase), rifampin, statins, talinolol, torsemide (Demadex), troglitazone, and valsartan (Diovan).

---

Medications moved by pumps in cells (P-glycoprotein Substrates)
Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Talk with your health provider.

Some medications are moved by pumps into cells. Siberian ginseng might make these pumps less active and increase how much of some medications get absorbed by the body. This might increase the side effects of some medications.

Some medications that are moved by these pumps include etoposide, paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, ketoconazole, itraconazole, amprenavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir, cimetidine, ranitidine, diltiazem, verapamil, corticosteroids, erythromycin, cisapride (Propulsid), fexofenadine (Allegra), cyclosporine, loperamide (Imodium), quinidine, and others.

---

Medications that decrease the immune system (Immunosuppressants)
Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Talk with your health provider.

Siberian ginseng might increase the activity of the immune system. Taking Siberian ginseng along with medications that decrease the immune system might decrease the effectiveness of medications that decrease the immune system.

Some medications that decrease the immune system include azathioprine (Imuran), basiliximab (Simulect), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), daclizumab (Zenapax), muromonab-CD3 (OKT3, Orthoclone OKT3), mycophenolate (CellCept), tacrolimus (FK506, Prograf), sirolimus (Rapamune), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), corticosteroids (glucocorticoids), and others.

---

Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs)
Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Talk with your health provider.

Siberian ginseng might slow blood clotting. Taking Siberian ginseng along with medications that also slow clotting might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding.

Some medications that slow blood clotting include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, others), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, warfarin (Coumadin), and others.

---

Sedative medications (CNS depressants)
Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Talk with your health provider.

Siberian ginseng might cause sleepiness and drowsiness. Medications that cause sleepiness are called sedatives. Taking Siberian ginseng along with sedative medications might cause too much sleepiness.

Some sedative medications include clonazepam (Klonopin), lorazepam (Ativan), phenobarbital (Donnatal), zolpidem (Ambien), and others.

---

Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) substrates)
Interaction Rating: Minor Be cautious with this combination.
Talk with your health provider.

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Siberian ginseng might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. Taking Siberian ginseng along with medications that are changed by the liver can increase the effects and side effects of your medication. Before taking Siberian ginseng, talk to your healthcare provider if you take any medications that are changed by the liver. However, this interaction is not verified with certainty in humans yet.

Some medications that are changed by the liver include amitriptyline (Elavil), clozapine (Clozaril), codeine, desipramine (Norpramin), donepezil (Aricept), fentanyl (Duragesic), flecainide (Tambocor), fluoxetine (Prozac), meperidine (Demerol), methadone (Dolophine), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), olanzapine (Zyprexa), ondansetron (Zofran), tramadol (Ultram), trazodone (Desyrel), and others.

---

Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrates)
Interaction Rating: Minor Be cautious with this combination.
Talk with your health provider.

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Siberian ginseng might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. Taking Siberian ginseng along with medications that are broken down by the liver can increase the effects and side effects of some medications. Before taking Siberian ginseng, talk to your healthcare provider if you are taking any medications that are changed by the liver.

Some medications changed by the liver include lovastatin (Mevacor), ketoconazole (Nizoral), itraconazole (Sporanox), fexofenadine (Allegra), triazolam (Halcion), and many others.

DOSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR SIBERIAN GINSENG.

The following doses have been studied in scientific research:

BY MOUTH:

• For herpes simplex type 2 infections: Siberian ginseng extract standardized to contain eleutheroside E 0.3% in doses of 400 mg per day.
• For the common cold: 400 mg of a combination of Siberian ginseng plus a specific andrographis extract, standardized to contain 4-5.6 mg andrographolide (Kan Jang, Swedish Herbal Institute) three times daily.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings).

REPORT PROBLEMS TO THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION

You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

Health Solutions From Our Sponsors

• Easy Glucose Monitoring
• Birth Control Online
• Clinical Trials 101
• At Home Health Care
• Treat Pets for Fleas
• Future Of Health

Reviewed on 6/18/2019

 

 

 

 

Pill Identifier Tool Quick, Easy, Pill Identification

Drug Interaction Tool Check Potential Drug Interactions

Pharmacy Locater Tool Including 24 Hour, Pharmacies

Health Solutions From Our Sponsors

• Easy Glucose Monitoring
• Birth Control Online
• Clinical Trials 101
• At Home Health Care
• Treat Pets for Fleas
• Future Of Health

RxList Home Drugs & Medications Slideshows Pill Identification Tool Vitamins, Herbs, & Dietary Supplements Images DiseasesSymptom Checker Dictionary Quizzes 
About RxList Consumer Contact RxList Terms of Use Privacy Policy Sponsor Policy Pharmaceutical Companies A-Z Site Map

WebMD Medscape Medscape Reference eMedicineHealth MedicineNetOnHealth WebMDRx

 

---------------------

 

Siberian ginseng

Mount Sinai

https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/herb/siberian-ginseng

 

Acanthopanax senticosus; Eleuthero; Eleutherococcus senticosus; Ginseng - Siberian

Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus), also known as eleuthero, has been used for centuries in Eastern countries, including China and Russia. Despite its name, it is completely different from American (Panax quinquefolius) and Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng), and has different active chemical components. The active ingredients in Siberian ginseng, called eleutherosides, may stimulate the immune system.

Siberian ginseng was traditionally used to prevent colds and flu and to increase energy, longevity, and vitality. It is widely used in Russia as an "adaptogen." An adaptogen is a substance that is supposed to help the body better cope with either mental or physical stress.

Until recently, most scientific research on Siberian ginseng was done in Russia. Research on Siberian ginseng has included studies on the following:

COLDS AND FLU

Some double-blind studies have found that a specific product containing Siberian ginseng and andrographis reduced the severity and length of colds when taken with 72 hours of symptoms starting. Researchers do not know whether Siberian ginseng was responsible or whether it was andrographis, or the combination of the two herbs.

One study compared the same product with amantadine, a drug used to treat some kinds of flu. People with flu who took the same product saw their symptoms go away faster than those who took amantadine.

Another study found that healthy people who took Siberian ginseng for 4 weeks had more T-cells, which may indicate their immune systems were stronger.

HERPES VIRAL INFECTION

One double-blind study of 93 people with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2, which can cause genital herpes, found that taking Siberian ginseng reduced the number of outbreaks. Outbreaks that did happen were less severe and did not last as long. Talk to your doctor about whether using Siberian ginseng to help prevent herpes outbreaks would help.

MENTAL PERFORMANCE

Siberian ginseng is often used to increase mental alertness. But there have not been enough scientific studies to show that it really works. One preliminary study found that middle-aged volunteers who took Siberian ginseng improved their memory compared to those who took placebo.

PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE

Siberian ginseng is often said to improve athletic performance and increase muscle strength. While some studies have found positive results, others have found that Siberian ginseng had no effect.

QUALITY OF LIFE

One study found that elderly people who took Siberian ginseng had better mental health and social functioning after 4 weeks of therapy, compared to those who took placebo. But after 8 weeks, the benefits started to dissipate.

Plant Description

 

Siberian ginseng is a shrub native to the Far East that grows 3 to 10 feet high. Its leaves are attached to a main stem by long branches. Both the branches and the stem are covered with thorns. Flowers, yellow or violet, grow in umbrella-shaped clusters, and turn into round, black berries in late summer. The root itself is woody, brownish, wrinkled, and twisted.

 

What is it Made Of?

 

Siberian ginseng supplements are made from the root. The root has a mixture of components called eleutherosides that are thought to have health benefits. Among the other ingredients are chemicals called polysaccharides, which have been found to boost the immune system and lower blood sugar levels in animal tests.

 

Available Forms

 

Siberian ginseng is available as liquid extracts, solid extracts, powders, capsules, and tablets, and as dried or cut root for tea.

The quality of many herbal supplements, including Siberian ginseng, may vary greatly. Tests of commercial products claiming to contain Siberian ginseng found that as many as 25% had none of the herb. Plus, many were contaminated with contents not marked on the label. Purchase Siberian ginseng and all herbal products from reputable manufacturers. Ask your pharmacist for help.

 

How to Take It

 

DO NOT give Siberian ginseng to a child.

For adult use, Siberian ginseng comes in many forms and is often combined with other herbs and supplements for such things as fatigue and alertness. To find the right dose for you, talk to an experienced health care provider.

For chronic conditions, such as fatigue or stress, Siberian ginseng can be taken for 3 months, followed by 3 to 4 weeks off. DO NOT take Siberian ginseng without your doctor's supervision.

 

Precautions

 

The use of herbs is a time-honored approach to strengthening the body and treating disease. Herbs, however, have components that can trigger side effects and interact with other herbs, supplements, or medications. For these reasons, herbs should be taken with care, under the supervision of a health care provider qualified in the field of botanical medicine.

Siberian ginseng is generally considered safe when used as directed. However, people with high blood pressure, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, heart disease, mental illness such as mania or schizophrenia, women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, and people with autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn disease, should not take Siberian ginseng.

Women who have a history of estrogen-sensitive cancers or uterine fibroids should ask their provider before taking Siberian ginseng because it may act like estrogen in the body.

Some side effects may include:

• Confusion
• Drowsiness
• Headache
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Insomnia
• Irregular heart rhythm
• Nosebleed
• Vomiting

 

Possible Interactions

 

If you are being treated with any of the following medications, you should not use Siberian ginseng without first talking to your health care provider:

Anticoagulants (blood thinners): Siberian ginseng may increase the risk of bleeding, especially if you already take blood-thinners such as aspirin, warfarin (Coumadin), or clopidogrel (Plavix).

Corticosteroids (such as prednisone): Siberian ginseng may interact with steroids.

Digoxin: Siberian ginseng may raise blood levels of digoxin, a medication used to treat heart conditions. This can increase the risk of side effects.

Diabetes medications: Siberian ginseng may lower blood sugar levels, raising the risk of hypoglycemia or low blood sugar.

Lithium: Siberian ginseng could make it harder for the body to eliminate lithium, meaning dangerously high levels could build up.

Other medications: Siberian ginseng may interact with medications that are broken down by the liver. If you take these medications, ask your doctor before taking Siberian ginseng.

Drugs that suppress the immune system: Siberian ginseng may boost the immune system and may interact with drugs taken to treat an autoimmune disease or drugs taken after organ transplant.

Sedatives: Siberian ginseng may make the effects of sedatives stronger, especially barbiturates. Barbiturates are medications, including pentobarbital, that are used to treat insomnia or seizures.

 

Supporting Research

 

Arushanian EB, Shikina IB. Improvement of light and color perception in humans upon prolonged administration of eleutherococcus. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2004;67(4):64-6.

Bleakney TL. Deconstructing an adaptogen: Eleutherococcus senticosus. Holist Nurs Pract. 2008 Jul-Aug;22(4):220-4. Review.

Bucci LR. Selected herbals and human exercise performance. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(suppl):624S-636S.

Cicero AF, Derosa G, Brillante R, et al. Effects of Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus maxim.) on elderly quality of life: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr Suppl. 2004;(9):69-73.

Dasgupta A, Wu S, Actor J, et al. Effect of Asian and Siberian ginseng on serum digoxin measurement by five digoxin immunoassays. Significant variation in digoxin-like immunoreactivity among commercial ginsengs. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003;119(2):298-303.

Davydov M, Krikorian AD. Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. (Araliaceae) as an adaptogen: a closer look. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;72(3):345-93.

Eschbach LF, Webster MJ, Boyd JC, et al. The effect of Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) on substrate utilization and performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2000;10(4):444-51.

Fugh-Berman A. Herb-drug interactions. Lancet. 2000;355:134-138.

Gabrielian ES, Shukarian AK, Goukasova GI, et al. A double blind, placebo-controlled study of Andrographis paniculata fixed combination Kan Jang in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections including sinusitis. Phytomedicine. 2002;9:589-597.

Glatthaar-Saalmuller B, Sacher F, Esperester A. Antiviral activity of an extract derived from roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus.Antiviral Res. 2001;50(3):223-8.

Goulet ED, Dionne IJ. Assessment of the effects of eleutherococcus senticosus on endurance performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2005;15(1):75-83.

Gruenwald J, Brednler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 4th ed. Montvale, NJ: Thomson Healthcare; 2007:751-753.

Gyllenhaal C, Merritt SL, Peterson SD, et al. Efficacy and safety of herbal stimulants and sedatives in sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev. 2000;4(2):229-251.

Harkey MR, Henderson GL, Gershwin ME, et al. Variability in commercial ginseng products: an analysis of 25 preparations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73:1101-1106.

Hartz AJ, Bentler S, Noyes R, et al., Randomized controlled trial of Siberian ginseng for chronic fatigue. Psychol Med. 2004;34(1):51-61.

Kulichenko LL, Kireyeva LV, Malyshkina EN, Wikman G. A Randomized, Controlled Study of Kan Jang versus Amantadine in the Treatment of Influenza in Volgograd. J Herb Pharmacother. 2003;3:77-92.

Melchior J, Spasov AA, Ostrovskij OV, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot and phase III study of activity of standardized Andrographis paniculata Herba Nees extract fixed combination (Kan jang) in the treatment of uncomplicated upper-respiratory tract infection. Phytomedicine. 2000;7:341-350.

Panossian A, Wikman G. Evidence-based efficacy of adaptogens in fatigue, and molecular mechanisms related to their stress-protective activity. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Sep;4(3):198-219. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Review.

Poolsup N, Suthisisang C, Prathanturarug S, et al. Andrographis paniculata in the symptomatic treatment of uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2004;29:37-45.

Roxas M, Jurenka J. Colds and influenza: a review of diagnosis and conventional, botanical, and nutritional considerations. Altern Med Rev. 2007 Mar;12(1):25-48. Review.

Sinclair S. Male infertility: nutritional and environmental considerations. Alt Med Rev. 2000;5(1):28-38.

Spasov AA, Ostrovskij OV, Chernikov MV, et al. Comparative controlled study of Andrographis paniculata fixed combination, Kan Jang and an Echinacea preparation as adjuvant, in the treatment of uncomplicated respiratory disease in children.Phytother Res. 2004;18:47-53.

Williams M. Immuno-protection against herpes simplex type II infection by Eleutherococcus root extract. Int J Alt Complement Med. 1995;13:9-12.

Winther K, Ranlov C, Rein E, et al. Russian root (Siberian ginseng) improves cognitive functions in middle-aged people, whereas Ginkgo biloba seems effective only in the elderly. J Neurological Sci. 1997;150:S90

 

 

===================

https://www.drugs.com/npp/eleutherococcus.html

 

Siberian ginseng

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Apr 11, 2019.

• Overview
• Reviews
• More 

Scientific Name(s): Eleutherococcus senticosus ?(Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim
Common Name(s): Devil's shrub, Eleuthero, Eleutherococcus, Kan Jang, Shigoka, Siberian ginseng, Touch-me-not, Wild pepper

Clinical Overview

Use

Eleutherococcus is similar to common ginseng in its properties and alleged effects; however, documentation is limited. Extracts of the root have been used for a wide variety of therapeutic purposes and are said to have an adaptogenic effect. It exhibits cardiovascular as well as mood- and energy-enhancing effects.

Dosing

Doses of powdered root 1 to 4 g per day have been used in trials. Doses of E. senticosus extracts are recommended at less than 1 g/day. Limited trials have been conducted in elderly patients and in children.

Contraindications

Information is lacking. Patients in a compromised state, who are febrile, or have unstable cardiovascular or diabetic conditions should not use eleutherococcus.

Pregnancy/Lactation

Information regarding safety and efficacy during pregnancy and lactation is lacking; however, because of a potential effect on developing myocytes, consider Siberian ginseng contraindicated during pregnancy.

Interactions

Interactions with digoxin and hexobarbital have been described. Mechanisms for interaction are not established.

Adverse Reactions

Few adverse reactions have been reported.

Toxicology

Use of eleutherococcus extract has been associated with little or no toxicity.

Scientific Family

• Araliaceae

Botany

E. senticosus belongs to the same family (Araliceae) as Panax ginseng and is synonymous with Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. ex Maxim.) Harms. The geographical distribution of eleutherococcus coincides with that of P. ginseng in forests of broadleaf trees, including spruce and cedar. It grows at elevations of up to 800 m or more above sea level. The plant is a shrub, commonly growing to a height of 2 to 3 m or, less commonly, 5 to 7 m. It has gray or grayish-brown bark, numerous thin thorns, and long-stalked and palmate leaves. Eleutherococcus has separate male and female plants with globular umbrella-shaped flowers. Male plants produce violet flowers, while female plants have yellowish flowers; the fruit are black, oval berries. Most commonly, the root is used in herbal medicine; however, the leaves and berries also produce pharmacologically active metabolites. Because it grows abundantly in areas such as Russia and China, eleutherococcus has become a popular substitute for Chinese ginseng.1, 2

History

Eleutherococcus has been used and studied extensively in Russia. It is used as a health food, tonic, and sedative in China and wider Asia, as well as in traditional Korean folk medicine as a tonic, an adaptogen, and to strengthen "qi" (life force).3,4

As with its relative Chinese ginseng, root extracts of the plant have been promoted as "adaptogens," which aid the body in responding to external (eg, environmental) and internal (eg, disease) stress. The plant extract has been traditionally used to normalize high or low blood pressure, to stimulate the immune system, and to increase work capacity. Reputed effects include increasing body energy levels, protecting from motion sickness and against toxins, controlling alloxan-induced diabetes, reducing tumors, and controlling atherosclerosis.2, 5

Chemistry

The chemical composition of the roots and leaves varies with season. The roots contain the maximum active ingredient in October, with the level dropping sharply in July. Methanolic extracts of eleutherococcus root contain a glycoside fraction that includes various eleutherosides (isofraxidin, sesamin, syringin) as well as glucose, sucrose, betulinic acid, vitamin E, beta-carotene, caffeic acid, and beta-sitosterol. The eleutherosides found in the roots, leaves, and berries are designated as A through M and have varied structures belonging to different groups of chemical compounds.2, 6

Several studies have differentiated between the botany, chemistry, and pharmacology of common ginseng (P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium) and Siberian ginseng (E. senticosus).7 Only eleutheroside A has a saponin structure similar to that of ginseng ginsenosides/panaxosides.8 While some eleutherosides share common properties with panaxosides, others exhibit very different effects. Seven glycans (eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) have been isolated from aqueous extract of the crude drug shigoka (Siberian ginseng) root.9 The following new lignans have been isolated from the root of eleutherococcus: 7SR,8RS-dihydrodrodiconiferyl alcohol, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol, 7,8-trans-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4-O-beta-D- glucopyranoside, meso-secoisolariciresinol, and (-)-syringoresinol-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside.10 The antiplatelet compound 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid has also been isolated from this species.11 Eleutherosides have been isolated, identified, and measured in the rhizomes, roots, and liquid extracts of eleutherococcus.12 Other relatively new compounds that have been isolated include phenylpropanes and polysaccharides, ciwujianosides C1 and D113 and at least 10 phenolic compounds such as isofraxidin.14 Chemical analysis methods for eleutherococcus, such as reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, have been published.15, 16, 17

Uses and Pharmacology

Many clinical studies in the literature use combinations of several natural products, including eleutherococcus, making it difficult to attribute outcomes to any single plant or extract.

 

Cardiac effects

Although not clearly established, eleutherococcus appears to exert an endothelium dependent, nitric oxide-mediated vascular relaxation.18

 

Animal data

At high dosages, Siberian ginseng led to abrupt cessation of myocardial contractions in rats with increased levels of intracellular calcium. At low doses, the extract induced cells to beat with a regular and strong rhythm and had no effect on calcium levels, suggesting a negative effect on developing fetal myocytes.19

 

Clinical data

In a study that examined the effects of eleutherococcus in hypotensive children between 7 and 10 years of age, an eleutherococcus extract improved subjective signs, raised systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and increased total peripheral resistance.20 In another study in 20 hypertensive elderly patients, no effect on blood pressure was found at 300 mg/day of dry extract. Higher dosages were not studied.21

Other reported cardiovascular actions include effects in myocardial infarction22malignant arrhythmias23 and myocarditis.24

 

Chronic fatigue/mental stress

In a review of older studies, a trend toward improved performance in mental tasks was observed.25

 

Clinical data

A study investigating the effect of eleutherococcus 2 g/day in adults with chronic idiopathic fatigue showed an improvement after 1 month, but this effect was not sustained at 2 months.26 In a study in elderly patients, self-reported mental health and social functioning was enhanced by administration of dry eleutherococcus extract 300 mg for 4 weeks. With continued use of the extract, these differences were attenuated21 possibly consistent with the concept that adaptogens should only be used in a "pulsed" manner.

 

Physical stress/endurance

 

Animal data

In animal experiments, various eleutherosides have been evaluated for endurance effect, with certain compounds more effective than others.27, 28, 29

 

Clinical data

Eleutherococcus has been dubbed the "herb of Russian athletes,"30 but both supporting evidence and negative trials exist regarding outcome variables, such as oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange, heart rate, and plasma glucose.30Dosing in these trials has been up to 4 g/day.

Measurements of testosterone and cortisol have shown a detrimental effect on the recovery process similar to that of overtraining.30

 

Other

 

Diabetes

In an animal study of endurance, oral administration of eleutherococcus extract did not affect plasma lactic acid, glucagon, insulin, or liver glycogen. Decreased plasma glucose levels were found in resting rats.28 In a small trial in healthy, nondiabetic adults, postprandial glucose levels were raised following eleutherococcus administration31 suggesting that caution should be used when administering the product to diabetic patients.

 

Hepatoprotective

Aqueous extracts of the stem of the eleutherococcus plant reduced serum tumor necrosis factor and aspartate and alanine transaminases, improved histology, and inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis in mice with induced hepatic failure.4

 

Immunomodulation

Some studies indicated a modulatory effect on the immune system with enhanced T cell and lymphocyte activity32, 33 while others have shown no effect.30

 

Neuroprotective

Aqueous extracts of Siberian ginseng showed a protective effect, possibly due to cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibition, in transient focal cerebral ischemia induced by artery occlusion in rats.3

 

Osteoporosis

A protective effect is suggested based on experiments in induced osteoporotic mice. Decreased urinary excretion of calcium and increased plasma levels of calcium and phosphorous were observed.34

Eleutherococcus extract binds to progesterone, mineralocorticoid, and glucocorticoid receptors.35 Siberian ginseng extracts exerted no effect on prolactin in rats despite the high concentrations and long periods of exposure used in experimentation.36 Additionally, eleutherococcus compounds bind to estrogen receptors, with no apparent effect in cell cultures.37

Eleutherococcus extract appears to protect cell cultures from the effects of gamma radiation but to a lesser degree than common ginseng. The mechanism seems to involve alteration of cellular metabolism rather than DNA repair.38, 39

Dosing

As an adaptogen, eleutherococcus has been given as powdered root in doses of 1 to 4 g/day.30

Eleutheroside compounds have 36 to 143 times the physiologic activity of the roots from which they are extracted. Extracts of E. senticosus are recommended at less than 1 g/day.5

Use in elderly patients and children has been studied to a limited extent.20, 21, 26

Pregnancy / Lactation

Information regarding safety and efficacy during pregnancy and lactation is lacking.

Because of a potential effect on developing fetal myocytes, use of Siberian (and other) ginseng is contraindicated during pregnancy.19

Interactions

Based on experiments with standard comparators (dextromethorphan for CYP2D6 and alprazolam for CYP3A4), it is unlikely that eleutherococcus compounds rely on the CYP-450 pathways for elimination.40

The interaction of Siberian ginseng with digoxin has been the subject of many papers and case reports. Interference with the digoxin assay, impaired elimination of digoxin, and possible confounding with compounds other than eleutherococcus have all been suggested as reasons for this apparent effect.20, 40, 41, 42, 43

Mice exhibited increased sleep latency and duration when exposed to eleutherococcus extract and hexobarbital, which may be due to inhibition of hexobarbital metabolism.44

In rats, no significant effect on the kinetics of warfarin was observed with concomitant "Kan Jang" (mixed eleutherococcus extract preparation) administration.45

Adverse Reactions

Adverse reactions, toxicity, contraindications, and warnings similar to those for Panax species (see Ginseng, Panax) apply.

High doses of eleutherococcus are associated with irritability, insomnia, and anxiety. In human trials, few adverse reactions are reported.21, 32 Adverse reactions have included skin eruptions, headache, diarrhea, hypertension, and pericardial pain in rheumatic heart patients; however the contraindication of aterial hypertension reported for eleutherococcus has been disputed as not being evidence-based.46

Eleutherococcus was associated with increased aggressive behavior in mice.29

In a small study, Siberian ginseng demonstrated a hyperglycemic effect in healthy adults so caution should be used when administering to diabetic patients.31 In other reports, adverse reactions have included slight languor or drowsiness immediately after administration, possibly due to a hypoglycemic effect.

Toxicology

Use of eleutherococcus extract has been associated with little or no toxicity.2, 7, 8No pathologic, cytotoxic, or histologic changes were noted in mice that ingested infusions of the plant for up to 96 days.29

Index Terms

• Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. ex Maxim.) Harms

References

 

1. Eleutherococcus senticosus. USDA, NRCS. 2006. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 14 February 2007). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

 

2. Brekhman I, Fulder S. Man and Biologically Active Substances: The Effect of Drugs, Diet, and Pollution on Health. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1980.

 

3. Bu Y, Jin ZH, Park SY, et al. Siberian ginseng reduces infarct volume in transient focal cerebral ischaemia in Sprague-Dawley rats. Phytother Res. 2005;19:167-169.15852490

 

4. Park EJ, Nan JX, Zhao YZ, et al. Water-soluble polysaccharide from Eleutherococcus senticosusstems attenuates fulminant hepatic failure induced by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2004;94:298-304.15228502

 

5. Brekhman I, Favorov VV, Abramov AK, et al. Comparative study of Eleutherococcus preparations made from raw material of various origin [in Russian]. Farmatsiia. 1991;40:39-41.

 

6. Farnsworth N, Kinghorn AD, Soejarto DD, Waller DP. Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus): Current status as an adaptogen. Econ Med Plant Res. 1985;1:155-215.

 

7. Wagner H, Norr H, Winterhoff H. Plant adaptogens. Phytomedicine. 1994;1:63-76.

 

8. Wagner H, Wurmbock A. Chemistry, pharmacology and TLC of ginseng and Eleutherococcusdrugs [in German]. Dtsch Apoth Ztg. 1977;117:743-748.

 

9. Hikino H, Takahashi M, Otake K, Konno C. Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G: glycans of Eleutherococcus senticosus roots. J Nat Prod. 1986;49:293-297.3734812

 

10. Makarieva TN, Dmitrenok AS, Stonik VA, Patel AV, Canfield LM. Lignans from Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng). Pharm Sci. 1997;3:525-527.

 

11. Yun-Choi HS, Kim JH, Lee JR. Potential inhibitors of platelet aggregation from plant sources, ΙΙΙ. J Nat Prod. 1987;50:1059-1064.3127544

 

12. Solovyeva AG, Petukhova TV, Greshnykh RD. Anaylsis and standardization of Eleutherococcusroots and rhizomes and its liquid extract by the amount of biologically active compounds [in Russian]. Farmatsiia. 1989;38:25-27.

 

13. Umeyama A, Shoji N, Takei M, Endo K, Arihara S. Ciwujianosides Dl and Cl: powerful inhibitors of histamine release induced by anti-immunoglobulin E from rat peritoneal mast cells. J Pharm Sci. 1992;81:661-662.1383492

 

14. Nishibe S, Kinoshita H, Takeda H, Okano G. Phenolic compounds from stem bark ofAcanthopanax senticosus and their pharmacological effect in chronic swimming and stressed rats.Chem Pharm Bull. 1990;38:1763-1765.2208394

 

15. Chen G, Lu C, Ma S. Determination of syrgingin in slices of radix Acanthopanax senticosi by RP-HPLC [in Chinese]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1999;24:472-473.

 

16. Yat P, Arnason JT, Awang DV. An improved extraction procedure for the rapid, quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographic estimation of the main eleutherosides (B and E) inEleutherococcus senticosus (Eleuthero). Phytochem Anal. 1998;9:291-295.

 

17. Anetai M, Yamagishi T, Kaneshima H. Determination of some constituents in Acanthopanax senticosus Harms. Ill. Differences among part, diameter, age, and harvest time. Hokkaidoritsu Eisei Kenkyushoho. 1995;45:63-65.

 

18. Kwan CY, Zhang WB, Sim SM, Deyama T, Nishibe S. Vascular effects of Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus): endothelium-dependent NO- and EDHF-mediated relaxation depending on vessel size. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004;369:473-480.15095033

 

19. Poindexter BJ, Allison AW, Bick RJ, Dasgupta A. Ginseng: Cardiotonic in adult rat cardiomyocytes, cardiotoxic in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Life Sci. 2006;79:2337-2344.16945393

 

20. Kaloeva ZD. Effect of the glycosides of Eleutherococcus senticosus on the hemodynamic indices of children with hypotensive states [in Russian]. Farmakol Toksikol. 1986;49:73.3770180

 

21. Cicero AF, Derosa G, Brillante R, Bernardi R, Nascetti S, Gaddi A. Effects of Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus maxim.) on elderly quality of life: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr Suppl. 2004;9:69-73.

 

22. Afanaseva TN, Lebkova NP. Effect of Eleutherococcus on the subcellular structures of the heart in experimental myocardial infarct [in Russian]. Biull Eksp Bio Med. 1987;103:212-215.

 

23. Tian BJ, Gao TL, Song ZL. Effects of ciwujia (Acanthopanax senticosus harms) on reperfusion-induced arrhythmia and action potential alterations in the isolated rat heart [in Chinese].Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1989;14:493-495, 508, 512.2508675

 

24. Shang SY, Ma YS, Wang SS. Effect of eleutherosides on ventricular late potential with coronary heart disease and myocarditis [in Chinese]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1991;11:280-281, 261.1879032

 

25. Panossian A, Wagner H. Stimulating effect of adaptogens: an overview with particular reference to their efficacy following single dose administration. Phytother Res. 2005;19:819-838.16261511

 

26. Hartz AJ, Bentler S, Noyes R, et al. Randomized controlled trial of Siberian ginseng for chronic fatigue. Psychol Med. 2004;34:51-61.

 

27. Kimura Y, Sumiyoshi M. Effects of various Eleutherococcus senticosus cortex on swimming time, natural killer activity and corticosterone level in forced swimming stressed mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;95:447-453.15507373

 

28. Martinez B, Staba EJ. The physiological effects of Aralia, Panax and Eleutherococcus on exercised rats. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1984;35:79-85.6379247

 

29. Lewis WH, Zenger VE, Lynch RG. No adaptogen response of mice to ginseng and Eleutherococcus infusions. J Ethnopharmacol. 1983;8:209-2146685799

 

30. Gaffney BT, Hugel HM, Rich PA. The effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Panax ginsengon steroidal hormone indices of stress and lymphocyte subset numbers in endurance athletes.Life Sci. 2001;70:431-442.11798012

 

31. Sievenpiper JL, Arnason JT, Leiter LA, Vuksan V. Decreasing, null and increasing effects of eight popular types of ginseng on acute postprandial glycemic indices in healthy humans: the role of ginsenosides. J Am Coll Nutr. 2004;23:248-258.15190050

 

32. Bohn B, Nebe CT, Birr C. Flow-cytometric studies with Eleutherococcus senticosus extract as an immunomodulatory agent. Arzneimittelforschung. 1987;37:1193-1196.2963645

 

33. Borchers AH. Comparative effects of three species of ginseng on human peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferative responses. Int J Immunother. 1998;14:143-152.

 

34. Kropotov AV, Kolodnyak OL, Koldaev VM. Effects of Siberian ginseng extract and ipriflavone on the development of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002;133:252-254.12360344

 

35. Pearce PT, Zois I, Wynne KN, Funder JW. Panax ginseng and Eleutherococcus senticosus extracts—in vitro studies on binding to steroid receptors. Endocrinol Jpn. 1982;29:567-573.6303763

 

36. Di Carlo G, Pacilio M, Capasso R, Di Carlo R. Effect on prolactin secretion of Echinacea purpurea, hypericum perforatum and Eleutherococcus senticosus. Phytomedicine. 2005;12:644-647.16194051

 

37. Bennetau-Pelissero C, Latonnelle KG, Lamothe V, Shinkaruk-Poix S, Kaushik SJ. Screening for oestrogenic activity of plant and food extracts using in vitro trout hepatocyte cultures.Phytochem Anal. 2004;15:40-45.

 

38. Ben-Hur E, Fulder S. Effect of Panax ginseng saponins and Eleutherococcus senticosus on survival of cultured mammalian cells after ionizing radiation. Am J Chin Med. 1981;9:48-56.7304498

 

39. Minkova M, Pantev T. Effect of Eleutherococcus extract on the radioprotective action of adeturone. Acta Physiol Pharmacol BuIg. 1987;13:66-70.3448891

 

40. Donovan JL, DeVane CL, Chavin KD, Taylor RM, Mardowitz JS. Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) effects on CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 activity in normal volunteers. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003;31:519-522.12695337

 

41. Dasgupta A, Reyes MA. Effect of Brazilian, Indian, Siberian, Asian, and North American ginseng on serum digoxin measurement by immunoassays and binding of digoxin-like immunoreactive components of ginseng with Fab fragment of antidigoxin antibody (Digibind).Am J Clin Pathol. 2005;124:229-236.16040294

 

42. Dasgupta A, Wu S, Actor J, Olsen M, Wells A, Datta P. Effect of Asian and Siberian ginseng on serum digoxin measurement by five digoxin immunoassays. Significant variation in digoxin-like immunoreactivity among commercial ginsengs. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003;119:298-303.12580002

 

43. McRae S. Elevated serum digoxin levels in a patient taking digoxin and Siberian ginseng.CMAJ. 1996;155:293-295.8705908

 

44. Medon PJ, Ferguson PW, Watson CF. Effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus extracts on hexobarbital metabolism in vivo and in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol. 1984;10:235-241.6727401

 

45. Hovhannisyan AS, Abrahamyan H, Gabrielyan ES, Panossian AG. The effect of Kan Jang extract on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in rats. Phytomedicine. 2006;13:318-323.16635739

 

46. Schmidt M, Thomsen M, Kelber O, Kraft K. Myths and facts in herbal medicines: Eleutherococcus senticosus (siberian ginseng) and its contraindication in hypertensive patients. Botanics: Targets and Therapy. 2014;4:27.

Disclaimer

This information relates to an herbal, vitamin, mineral or other dietary supplement. This product has not been reviewed by the FDA to determine whether it is safe or effective and is not subject to the quality standards and safety information collection standards that are applicable to most prescription drugs. This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take this product. This information does not endorse this product as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about this product. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this product. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. You should talk with your health care provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using this product.

This product may adversely interact with certain health and medical conditions, other prescription and over-the-counter drugs, foods, or other dietary supplements. This product may be unsafe when used before surgery or other medical procedures. It is important to fully inform your doctor about the herbal, vitamins, mineral or any other supplements you are taking before any kind of surgery or medical procedure. With the exception of certain products that are generally recognized as safe in normal quantities, including use of folic acid and prenatal vitamins during pregnancy, this product has not been sufficiently studied to determine whether it is safe to use during pregnancy or nursing or by persons younger than 2 years of age.

Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health

Further information

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

Medical Disclaimer