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《埤雅》中说：“世谓牡丹为花王，芍药为相。”
但传至宋代，在芍药的培育上却迎来一个高潮。
这一时期扬州芍药极盛，与洛阳的牡丹并称于世。
宋代刘攽 在《芍药谱》中说，牡丹是木本，可以嫁接，芍药是草本，只以种传，
要培育成“名花绝品”，在“剪剔、培壅、灌溉等方面更须加意经营。
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牡丹与芍药形似类同，在中国古时，两者合称为“芍药”，至唐代以后始有区分。
牡丹是灌木木本，芍药是蓄根草本，花型、叶片非常相似，
牡丹于5月初开花，芍药花期要晚一些，这是它们主要区别。
芍药原产于中国北部及西伯利亚一带，更耐寒。
牡丹
paeonia suffruticosa
Paeonia lactiflora 中国牡丹
(Chinese peony or common garden peony)
is a species ofherbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Paeoniaceae,
native to central and eastern Asia from eastern Tibet across northern China to eastern Siberia.
Paeonia suffruticosa “树牡丹”
is a name used for a group of culture varieties of tree peoniesthat are the result of hybridisation
with species exclusively belonging to the subsection Vaginatae.
The common name used in China is 牡丹 (mu dan). Plants belonging to this group have been cultivated
for millennia in China, initially only as a source of traditional Chinese medicine, particularly
the skin of its roots is used as 牡丹皮 (mu dan pi). Already early on the plant was also
cultivated for its ornamental value, and it is highly revered in Chinese culture.
木牡丹
Paeonia rockii flower
Rock's peony, a species of tree peony, Paeonia rockii,
is a woody species ofpeony that was named after Joseph Rock.
It is one of several species given the vernacular name tree peony, 树牡丹 and
is native to the mountains of Gansu 甘肃 and adjoining provinces in China.
In Chinese, it is known as 紫斑牡丹 (pinyin: zǐbān mǔdān).
蓝牡丹
黑 树牡丹
