Normally we call SMP technology that only apply on desktop CPU. It(SMP) is similar to mainframe parellel calculate technology. The basic principle of parellel calcalate mean many CPU can access memory simultaneously. It also mean many CPU can run instruction simultaneously because all instruction are stored in memory. That is why SMP can improve multi-core computer performance.
Generally mainframe's operating system is big different with desktop computer. they don't run popular OS like Windows or Linux. I know IBM or HP mainframe run VMS & MVS operating system before. I don't know what OS running on current supercomputer, but I am sure it is neither Windows nor Linux. They should run special OS which is specially designed for supercomputer. By the way, I am sure any HPC run one OS, not each CPU run an OS alone.