Tip is about $10/day, you can give more.
Tours are generally speaking more expensive if you book through cruise line website. We got "so-called" 15% discount from cruise line website and found out later that these were the regular price of excursions. There are a lot of choice at the port, very convenient, as soon as you have a plan what to do.
We bought insurance, although luckily nothing bad happened.
I heard Holland American has the best food, there are more older people choose HA. I saw an HA boat departing from Vancouver and their crowds were older than ours.