此外，花街日报中文网站也就此发文，以下转自：http://cn.wsj.com/gb/20171006/BCH160342.asp
中国政府与流亡海外的中国商人郭文贵之间的一场猫鼠大戏本周在华盛顿上演，这位异见人士针对中国精英阶层的贪腐指控也由此再获关注。
中国政府与流亡海外的中国商人郭文贵之间的一场猫鼠大戏本周在华盛顿上演，这位异见人士针对中国精英阶层的贪腐指控也由此再获关注。
在中共十九大召开前夕，中国政府试图将郭文贵描绘成一个无耻之徒，最终目标是将他引渡并逮捕。但郭文贵另有打算：他正在寻求美国的政治庇护，并于本周到访华盛顿哥伦比亚特区，提出自己指控中国政府的理由。
郭文贵原打算周三在哈德逊研究所(Hudson Institute)发表公开演讲，当天除这场活动之外，还有一场中国高级官员与美国司法部长塞申斯(Jeff Sessions)的对谈，据美国司法部发言人称，塞申斯当日就来自上海的针对哈德逊研究所的网络攻击与中方代表直接展开对质。哈德逊研究所是设在华盛顿的一个政治上偏保守的智库机构。
哈德逊研究所最终取消了郭文贵周三的活动。郭文贵于是利用他在华盛顿的空闲时间，直接接洽美国国会议员，提出对中国政府领导层的指控。他在Twitter上发布了自己与新泽西州共和党众议员Tom MacArthur以及伊利诺伊州共和党众议员Randy Hultgren的合影。Hultgren是某个推进人权事务的跨党派国会机构的联席主席。
当郭文贵在美国的影响力日益扩大之际，美中关系的不确定性也在加剧。特朗普(Trump)政府曾威胁采取重要行动反击中国的贸易行为，同时希望中国在约束朝鲜方面予以配合。在10月18日中共十九大召开前，中国国家主席习近平希望巩固他作为中国几十年来最强有力的领导人的地位。
尽管中国政府不断施压，郭文贵周四上午仍得以在美国国家记者俱乐部(National Press Club)第一修正案大厅(First Amendment Lounge)举行的媒体会上发表公开演讲。美国国家记者俱乐部距离白宫只有几步之遥。
郭文贵利用这个平台宣布，他的目标是推翻中国当政的独裁政府。在译员翻译时，他保持微笑，称自己唯一的目标就是改变中国。
郭文贵声称，通过他的关系网，他随时都能获得任何想要的中国政府文件。这次会议由总部位于美国的民主倡导组织公民力量(Initiatives for China)发起，郭文贵的一名同伴在会上分发了据称是中国政府文件的副本，该文件声称要批准派遣一批间谍前往美国，以阻止郭文贵和其他持不同政见者。
《华尔街日报》(The Wall Street Journal)与中国大使馆分享了这份文件。中国大使馆没有回答文件真实性的问题以及关于郭文贵的其他问题。
郭文贵还表示，他正准备向美国官员提交与一系列热点政治问题有关的文件，包括朝鲜问题以及中国政府被指在西藏和新疆的不当行为。
郭文贵的这些指控和其他指责难以验证。中国政府称郭文贵是个罪犯，不值得信任。8月份，中国官员对美联社(Associated Press)表示，郭文贵在至少19项重大刑事案件中受到调查，罪名包括行贿、绑架、欺诈、洗钱、强奸。几家中国公司和个人最近在美国法院对郭文贵提起诉讼。
郭文贵最近在接受《华尔街日报》采访时否认这些指控。
据哈德逊研究所的几位工作人员透露，就在郭文贵在哈德逊研究所的演讲被取消前的几天里，中国大使馆与哈德逊研究所的工作人员通了电话，警告称不要给郭文贵发言的机会。
此前一位准备访华、正在等待签证的学者接到一个电话，内容是关于他的签证申请事宜，并要求他向同事们转达中国政府的一项要求。哈德逊研究所的几名工作人员收到了他发送的消息，消息称，他们希望哈德逊研究所取消郭文贵的活动，因为他是一个罪犯，满嘴谎言。《华尔街日报》看到了消息内容。
一名发言人称，在活动前，哈德逊研究所还侦测到来自上海的一次网络攻击，目的是阻止对其网站的访问。尽管这次攻击失败了，但在郭文贵原定露面时间的前夕，哈德逊研究所的网站还是陷入了瘫痪。
哈德逊研究所主席Kenneth Weinstein承认，中国政府试图劝说他们不要举办这次活动，但他说，取消活动是因为筹划不力和后勤方面的问题，原因不在中国政府。
VW的柴油车在Emission上肯定是有问题。但究竟是什么问题，多大的问题，是工作失误还是故意作弊，工程师作弊还是CEO作弊，还要找出数据才能确认。就像下文所说，车的软件有两千万行，是工作失误还是故意作弊，惩罚是很不一样的。
How Car Software Can Rig a Test
A complex mix of sensors, engine-management software track emissions
Car makers woo customers with promises of speed, acceleration and braking distance. Less sexy is the increasingly critical element that helps them deliver that performance: software.
In the case of Volkswagen AG, it was software that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says allowed about 500,000 U.S.-sold Volkswagen-made cars to pass emissions tests.
Volkswagen said on Tuesday as many as 11 million vehicles may have the same software, which U.S. regulators called a “defeat device.” It also said it would set aside €6.5-billion ($7.27 billion) to cover legal and others costs to deal with the disclosure.
New cars can have as many as 20 million lines of software code, more than many airplanes, said Bodo Seifert, a U.S.-based automotive software expert. The software controls everything from running the engine, gearbox and diagnostics to the radio and power windows. It can also help a car control the amount of pollutants it emits—by monitoring levels of things like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide—a byproduct of diesel-engine combustion. It can then figure out when to trap pollutants, or divert them through processes that can convert them into less-harmful substances to meet legal limits, according to Greg Schroeder, assistant director at the Ann Arbor, Mich., Center for Automotive Research.
At different stages of engine use—for instance, idling versus cruising on the highway—engine combustion can create widely different levels of pollutants. Diesel engines don’t emit much carbon monoxide, but they generally generate a greater amount of nitrogen oxide, or NOx—a component in acid rain and low-atmosphere ozone. In the U.S., where diesel passenger car sales are still comparatively modest, regulators have set far tougher NOx standards than in Europe, where diesel engines have long been more popular.
Diesel powered cars use a complex mix of sensors and sophisticated engine-management software to keep track and limit emission levels. The software can influence how much NOx is produced during combustion by regulating the mix of diesel fuel and oxygen used in the process. Cars also rely on a mix of NOx traps, which capture the pollutant, and catalysts to clean emissions and meet standards.
But the measures to reduce pollution come at a cost, automotive engineers say, including reducing power that can hamper acceleration. Limiting the use of the devices used to curtail emissions could improve fuel economy and cut noise in the car, said a European auto engineer. The engine software can control how much NOx is filtered from the exhaust.
It is unclear what the VW software in question did specifically to reduce emissions during testing. But by collating such data as tire rotation, steering, and use of the accelerator, a program could determine whether a car was being driven on the road or merely on a test bed at an emissions-testing station.
Five Things on the Volkswagen Emissions Scandal
If such software sensed a lack of steering wheel inputs, for instance, it might have been able to predict it was being tested for emissions, and divert more pollutants to traps or treatment.
Volkswagen hasn’t named the specific software or component on the engine affected. On Tuesday, it said its Type EA 189 engines—found in some diesel models like the Jetta—displayed “a noticeable deviation between bench test results and actual road use,” adding it was “working intensely to eliminate these deviations through technical measures.”
RELATED
Experts aren’t even sure at this stage whether Volkswagen manufactured the software or components involved. Calibrating a third-party component or piece of software to respond in a certain way could be enough to make up for the discrepancy, experts say.
German engineering company Robert Bosch GmbH said it made components for the Volkswagen cars now being probed. While the company said it “develops injection and exhaust-gas treatment systems that can reduce emissions in every driving situation,” the Stuttgart, Germany, company added that “responsibility for calibrating and integrating the components supplied by Bosch into the system as a whole lies with VW.”
选择“Disable on www.wenxuecity.com”
选择“don't run on pages on this domain”
