一灯大师说的是不是这个？BTW，论CS，女生不服男生不行呀。也许别的方面，女生比男生强

Fig. 1.

CS skills across China, India, Russia, and the United States. Mean estimates for China, India, and Russia are each statistically lower than the mean estimate for the United States (P = 0.000). Mean estimates are not statistically different between China and India (P = 0.435), China and Russia (0.914), and India and Russia (P = 0.509). Estimates are reported as effect sizes (in SD units). Scaled CS examination scores were converted into z-scores using the mean and SD of the entire cross-national sample of examination takers. As such, the overall mean of the standardized score across all four countries is zero. SEs are adjusted for clustering at the institution (university/college) level.

Fig. 2.

CS skills by elite and nonelite institutions: China, India, Russia, and the United States. Within each country, the mean estimate for elite institutions is higher than the mean estimate for nonelite institutions (China, P = 0.063; India, P = 0.174; Russia, P = 0.084; United States, P = 0.000). The mean estimate for elite institutions in China, India, and Russia combined is lower than the mean estimate for elite (ACT/SAT equivalent >1,250; approximately the top quintile) institutions in the United States (P = 0.008). Mean estimates for nonelite institutions in China, India, and Russia are each lower than mean estimate for nonelite institutions in the United States (P = 0.000). Mean estimates for elite institutions across China, India, and Russia are not statistically different (P > 0.100). Mean estimates for nonelite institutions across China, India, and Russia are also not statistically different (P > 0.100). Estimates reported as effect sizes (in SD units). Scaled CS examination scores converted into z-scores using the mean and SD of the entire cross-national sample of examination takers. As such, the overall mean of the standardized score across all four countries is zero. SEs adjusted for clustering at the institution (university/college) level.

 

• Fig. 3.

• CS skills across China, India, Russia, and the United States after adjusting for United States student’s’ self-reported best language. The mean estimate of CS skills among United States students (“All”) is substantively the same as both (i) United States students who reported their best language is English or English and another language equally (English/Bilingual: 94.4% of all sampled United States students); and (ii) United States students who reported their best language is English only (89.1% of all sampled United States students). The mean estimates of CS skills for each of these categories of United States students are higher those of China, India, and Russia (in each case, P = 0.000). Estimates reported as effect sizes (in SD units). Scaled CS examination scores converted into z-scores using the mean and SD of the entire cross-national sample of examination takers. As such, the overall mean of the standardized score across all four countries is zero. SEs adjusted for clustering at the institution (university/college) level.

Fig. 4.

CS skills by gender: China, India, Russia, and the United States. Within each country, males score significantly higher than females (China, P = 0.093; India, P = 0.077; Russia, P = 0.022; USA, P = 0.000). Estimates reported as effect sizes (in SD units). Scaled CS examination scores converted into z-scores using the mean and SD of the entire cross-national sample of examination takers. As such, the overall mean of the standardized score across all four countries is zero. SEs adjusted for clustering at the institution (university/college) level.

 

https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/03/12/1814646116