书香之家：【岳振华543-2部队美蒋U-2高空机】 - 由弓尒发表

American U-2 spy plane shot down

An American U-2 spy plane is shot down while conducting espionage over the Soviet Union. The incident derailed an important summit meeting between President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev that was scheduled for later that month.

The U-2 spy plane was the brainchild of the Central Intelligence Agency, and it was a sophisticated technological marvel. Traveling at altitudes of up to 70,000 feet, the aircraft was equipped with state-of-the-art photography equipment that could, the CIA boasted, take high-resolution pictures of headlines in Russian newspapers as it flew overhead. Flights over the Soviet Union began in mid-1956. The CIA assured President Eisenhower that the Soviets did not possess anti-aircraft weapons sophisticated enough to shoot down the high-altitude planes.

On May 1, 1960, a U-2 flight piloted by Francis Gary Powers disappeared while on a flight over Russia. The CIA reassured the president that, even if the plane had been shot down, it was equipped with self-destruct mechanisms that would render any wreckage unrecognizable and the pilot was instructed to kill himself in such a situation. Based on this information, the U.S. government issued a cover statement indicating that a weather plane had veered off course and supposedly crashed somewhere in the Soviet Union. With no small degree of pleasure, Khrushchev pulled off one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War by producing not only the mostly-intact wreckage of the U-2, but also the captured pilot-very much alive. A chagrined Eisenhower had to publicly admit that it was indeed a U.S. spy plane.

On May 16, a major summit between the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France began in Paris. Issues to be discussed included the status of Berlin and nuclear arms control. As the meeting opened, Khrushchev launched into a tirade against the United States and Eisenhower and then stormed out of the summit. The meeting collapsed immediately and the summit was called off. Eisenhower considered the “stupid U-2 mess” one of the worst debacles of his presidency. The pilot, Francis Gary Powers, was released in 1962 in exchange for a captured Soviet spy.

-----------

苏联击落U2的版本1：苏联地空导弹 Soviet C-75 (SA-2) Surface to air missile

版本2：被苏军机？

解密的当年美U2 飞经苏领土领空航线

U-2 "GRAND SLAM" flight plan on 1 May 1960, from CIA publication

'The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance;

he U-2 And Oxcart Programs, 1954–1974', declassified 25 June 2013.

赫鲁晓夫查看被击落的美U2飞机残骸

莫斯科防空博物馆展出的被击落的美U2侦察机残骸

庖尔（右）在美机场飞苏之前

庖尔在美参议院证言其被击中和击落时的情景

被苏俘获的美U2驾驶员庖尔斯 Francis Gary Powers

Powers pleaded guilty and was convicted of espionage on 19 August and

sentenced to three years imprisonment and seven years of hard labor.

He served one year and nine months of the sentence

before being exchanged for Rudolf Abel on 10 February 1962.

The exchange occurred on the Glienicke Bridge connecting Potsdam, East Germany, to West Berlin.^[

----------------

苏军如何击落美U2贼机的？

Igor Mentyukov[苏军驾驶员门提尤科夫的说法：]

In 1996, Soviet pilot Captain Igor Mentyukov claimed that, at 65,000 feet (19,800 m) altitude, under orders to ram the intruder, he had caught the U-2 in the slipstream of his unarmed Sukhoi Su-9, causing the U-2 to flip over and break its wings. The salvo of missiles had indeed scored a hit, downing a pursuing MiG-19, not the U-2. Mentyukov said that if a missile had hit the U-2, its pilot would not have lived.

Though the normal Su-9 service ceiling was 55,000 feet (16,800 m), Mentyukov's aircraft had been modified to achieve higher altitudes, having its weapons removed. With no weapons, the only attack option open to him was aerial ramming. Mentyukov asserted that Soviet generals concealed these facts to avoid challenging Nikita Khrushchev's faith in the efficiency of Soviet air defenses.

Sergei Khrushchev[赫鲁晓夫的儿子如是说：]

In 2000, Sergei Khrushchev wrote about the experience of his father, Nikita Khrushchev, in the incident. He described how Mentyukov attempted to intercept the U-2, but failed to gain visual contact. Major Mikhail Voronov, in control of a battery of anti-aircraft missiles, fired three SA-2s at the radar contact but only one ignited. It quickly rose toward the target and exploded in the air behind the U-2 but near enough to violently shake the aircraft, tearing off its long wings. At a lower altitude, Powers climbed out of the falling fuselage and parachuted to the ground. Uncertainty about the initial shootdown success resulted in 13 further anti-aircraft missiles being fired by neighboring batteries, but the later missiles only hit a pursuing MiG-19 piloted by Sr. Lt. Sergei Safronov, mortally wounding him. This account of the events that occurred during the mission match the details that were given to the CIA by Gary Powers. According to Powers, a missile exploded behind him and after this occurred his U-2 began to nosedive. It is at this point that Powers began to make all of the preparations to eject. Powers landed safely and tried to hide himself in the Russian countryside until he could get help. His attempts to do this failed and he was captured.^[21] Sergei Safronov was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

--------------

大图看U2 飞机：

【岳振华543-2部队 美蒋U-2高空机】

American U-2 spy plane shot down

Igor Mentyukov[苏军驾驶员 门提尤科夫的说法：]

Sergei Khrushchev[赫鲁晓夫的儿子如是说：]

【岳振华543-2部队美蒋U-2高空机】

Igor Mentyukov[苏军驾驶员门提尤科夫的说法：]