摄影从来都是Pre-Production， Production 和 Post-Production三部曲的。

1860年林肯总统的照片就是后期调包后出片的。林肯的身体是其他人的，照片里只有他的头而已。摄影从来就不是写实。不同的摄影（genre）有其不同的目的和要到达的结果。

 

Composite of Abraham Lincoln and John Calhoun Composite photograph of John Calhoun's body and Abraham Lincoln's head. -- Early in his career, Southern politician John Calhoun was a strong supporter of slavery. So it is ironic that an iconic portrait of Abraham Lincoln (circa 1860) is a photographic composite of Calhoun’s body and Lincoln’s head, purportedly created because no sufficiently heroic-style portrait of Lincoln had yet been taken. Perhaps what is most remarkable about this composite is that it was created only a few decades after Joseph Nicéphore Niépce created the first permanent photograph in the summer of 1826. --