https://next.ft.com/content/08564d74-0bbf-11e6-9456-444ab5211a2f
俄罗斯承认中国在互联网管控技术“走在世界前列”。当然，长城防火墙独此一家嘛。speaking about building wall，连向来认为自己NO.1的美国人，说的确切点是川普，都承认美国不如中国。
俄罗斯在地理上，属于开放式的，也就是geographical open的，缺乏天然屏障保护不受外敌入侵。唯一克服这种地理上的开放性，只能不停的对外扩张。要么对外扩张，要么被外敌侵略。你不对外扩张，就会被外敌入侵，你不被外敌入侵，就要想办法对外扩张。这是一个俄罗斯特有的“地理上开放性”所带来的一个挥之不去的魔咒。
在乌克兰危机之后，俄罗斯深深的感到在互联网领域的控制不足。同时，俄罗斯的东正教的国家卫道士们，长期的对西方的文化渗透表示强烈不满，对互联网这样一个新生事物，又完全束手无策。为了捍卫俄罗斯继续作为一个“东正教国家”的继续存在，构筑一个“文化壁垒”恐怕是必要的，防止年轻人倒向西方的思潮。
说到底，从90年代末，2000年初的.com泡沫，俄罗斯是错过了。而中国是.com泡沫之后，互联网应用领域中，是最炫的，最tech savvy的网红国家，大量的在美国留学或者创业的人，大量集中在“没有国家资本存在的”互联网领域。在有国家资本的领域与国资竞争，你在单细胞状态的时候，你就死掉了。
中国的海归当中，有相当重要一部分，是互联网领域的人。许多人都选择回国就业，或者创业。2015年的"双11",单日销售额143亿美元秒榜全球，而美国的cyber monday，单日也就30亿美元多。美国在2015年的互联网零售额，3417亿美元。而中国则以5890亿美元傲视全球。
所以就互联网领域与新媒体而言，俄罗斯与中国相比，是落后的，因为他错过了第一波的泡沫。进入21世纪，一方面大家比的是谁的基础建设更好，另外就是比谁更tech savvy，谁更潮。基础打不好，你玩啥都不转。
说起来，有一个统计，全球网民37亿。“互联网人口”的第一语言，也就是全球上网的人所使用的语言，80%的网民被十大语言主导。其中，全球互联网语言人口排名第1的，是英语，大约8.72亿人。而中文紧随其后，网络人口达到7.04亿。全球使用俄语网民大概只有1亿多点。因此，中国完全可以仗着人多，在互联网领域的应用与内容，跟英语人口世界，一较高下的。
一般来说，know how都是用来形容美国的，几乎成了美国的代名词。好像美国就是know how，know how就是美国。现如今，中国与“know how”，一块出现在西媒上，还是非常之罕见的。
Russia’s chief internet censor enlists China’s know-how
Campaign looks to assert sovereignty over medium seen as being dominated by the US
For an authoritarian government looking to tighten control of an unruly internet, who better to call than the architect of China’s “great firewall”?
That was the thinking of Konstantin Malofeev, a multimillionaire with close links to the Kremlin and Russian Orthodox Church, who has become a key player in Moscow’s drive to tame the web and limit America’s digital influence.
On Wednesday, Mr Malofeev’s censorship lobbying group, Safe Internet League, will welcome a large delegation in Moscow led by Lu Wei, China’s online tsar, and Fang Binxing, the master builder of the country’s digital firewall. The Russians are hoping to learn Chinese techniques for filtering sites they deem undesirable so their contents can be kept from public view.
For Mr Malofeev, the campaign responds to a larger imperative for Russia to assert its sovereignty over an internet that he views as dominated by the US.
“Russians never thought that because we were the first in space or discovered the Antarctic that we needed to fly there under Soviet law because we claimed it,” he said in an interview. “But Americans have this cowboy attitude — ‘now we are going to regulate it from America for the rest of our lives because we want to.’”
Yet to critics, attempts by the deeply religious Mr Malofeev to ban sites featuring pornography, information about suicide and other subjects are merely a fig leaf to suppress dissent. The need to do so may be growing more urgent as Russia endures a deep recession, brought on by low oil prices and worsened by its estrangement from the west.
“Parliamentary elections are coming and they need a solution for the internet,” said Andrei Soldatov, author of The Red Web, a recent history of Russia’s attempts to control the internet.
Mr Soldatov also saw similarities to Mr Malofeev’s involvement in the Ukraine crisis, where he played a key role supporting the country’s Russia-backed separatists. “The security services all failed to stop the [Maidan] revolution, so [Russian president Vladimir] Putin outsourced Ukraine to Malofeev,” he said.
With the shaggy beard and religious fervour of a Dostoevsky character, Mr Malofeev, 41, is part of a hawkish circle of devout Russian Orthodox Christians that has grown in influence during Mr Putin’s third term. Igor Shchegolev, a close university friend, is leading the pivot to China as Mr Putin’s internet tsar. Meanwhile, two of Mr Malofeev’s former employees ran the Russia-backed Donetsk People’s Republic during its war against Ukraine in 2014.
Those ties have prompted many in Moscow to view Mr Malofeev, who made his fortune in private equity, as a proxy for the Kremlin. He admits his drive to regulate the internet came at the request of a “well-known public figure” and was encouraged by his spiritual confessor, whom he is said to share with Mr Putin and Mr Shchegolev. “We took a look at what was on the internet and recoiled in horror. It was probably one of the world’s dirtiest internets,” he said.
As a result, Mr Malofeev raised money from Russia’s main internet providers to set up the Safe Internet League, which finds unsavory content for the government’s understaffed censors to ban. The group now has 5,000 volunteers, he says, scouring the web for child pornography, sites “promoting” assisted suicide, drug use, homosexuality, and other materials it opposes.
The group was also hired by the province of Kostroma and its local Orthodox Church to conduct a trial run for a Chinese-style “white list,” which blocks all sites that have not been preapproved.
Mr Malofeev’s group has drafted plans for a nationwide white list that would be enforced through a contract between parents and internet providers. “We wrote it in huge letters: ‘I accept that my children may see pornography, drugs, paedophiles,’ - scary words, and when they read it, parents won’t sign it. They’ll say, ‘I’ll look at it on my phone at work. I won’t do it at home.’”
Even with China’s considerable know-how, taming Russia’s internet may be impossible. While Beijing has been restricting its citizens’ access for decades, Moscow long overlooked it. Putting the internet back in the box may no longer be feasible. “They don’t have the technology,” Mr Soldatov said. “Their people and their resources aren’t good enough.”
Even so, Russian authorities see another Chinese internet success they would like to emulate: forcing western companies, such as Google and Facebook, to move servers holding their citizens’ data on to their own territory. Russian efforts to do so, under the threat of a ban, have stalled.
Moscow and other advocates say that relocating servers would allow them to better protect their citizens’ privacy. But it would also make it easier for Russian security services to conduct surveillance while bringing western internet companies under Russian law.
While Russia may not have the same clout as China, Mr Malofeev is not planning on backing down. “We want Google to fulfil all the demands of our internet administration, because we see that they did everything in China and it didn’t stop them from working,” he says. “What, can you violate Islamic law and taboos in Saudi Arabia? In Russia we are asking for a hundred times less than what we should be as an Orthodox country.”
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