boe: Capital levels have been too low and need to rise

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Visual Summary





Major UK banks’ assets(a)


Sources: BankScope published by Bureau van Dijk Electronic Publishing, published accounts and Bank calculations.


(a) Excludes Nationwide due to lack of interim data.

(b) IFRS break.

(c) 2008 H1.




Major UK banks’ leverage ratio(a)(b)


Sources: Published accounts and Bank calculations.


(a) Leverage ratio defined as total assets divided by total equity excluding minority interest.

(b) Excludes Nationwide due to lack of interim data.




Major UK banks’ customer funding gap,(a) household saving ratio and foreign interbank deposits(b)


Sources: Bank of England, Dealogic, ONS, published accounts and Bank calculations.


(a) Customer funding gap is customer lending less customer funding, where customer refers to all non-bank borrowers and depositors.

(b) Data exclude Nationwide.

(c) UK household savings as a percentage of post-tax income.




International GDP growth forecasts


Source: Consensus Economics Inc.


October 2008 forecast of US GDP growth in 2009 was zero.



Mark-to-market losses on selected financial assets(a)(b)


Outstanding Losses: Apr. Losses: Oct.

amounts 2008 Report 2008 Report

United Kingdom (£ billions)

Prime residential mortgage-backed securities 193 8.2 17.4

Non-conforming residential

mortgage-backed securities 39 2.2 7.7

Commercial mortgage-backed securities 33 3.1 4.4

Investment-grade corporate bonds 450 46.2 86.5

High-yield corporate bonds 15 3.0 6.6

Total 62.7 122.6


United States (US$ billions)

Home equity loan asset-backed securities (ABS)(c) 757 255.0 309.9

Home equity loan ABS collateralised debt

obligations (CDOs)(c)(d) 421 236.0 277.0

Commercial mortgage-backed securities 700 79.8 97.2

Collateralised loan obligations 340 12.2 46.2

Investment-grade corporate bonds 3,308 79.7 600.1

High-yield corporate bonds 692 76.0 246.8

Total 738.8 1,577.3


Euro area (