回复：cash out 保险公司寄来的一张支票，是否就不能再追究对方的责任了？

Normally, yes. Cashing the check is the full acceptance of its terms, full and final settlement. When you receive the check, you can still cash it without accepting its terms but it is too late now. You may go to court and tell the judge you did not understand the meaning and see what the judge has to say.