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那在美国外的居留满一年以上是一定会导致绿卡失效的吗?

-Correct

还是如果我们能提供一些文件来证明她仍有永久居留美国的意愿, 她的绿卡还有希望保持?

-No. If her stay outside US continuously is for less than one year, she is considered to have the intent to live US pernanetly and thus, she does not have any trouble to re-enter US.

If her continuous stay outside US is for > 6 months > one year, she may be considered not to have the intent to live US peranently and thus, she needs to show/prove she still has the intent to live US pernanetly such as to prove her tight connection to US. So, "证明仍有永久居留美国的意愿" is only needed for the situation of stay outside US for > 6 months < one year.

If she stayes outside US without reentry permit for > one year continuously, her green card will be void no matter what because she is considered to abandon the green card automatically. Of course, as I said in the previous response, she can apply for SB-1 visa to come back to US to reinstate her green card if she can convince the VO that she was unable to return to US on time due to XXX reasons out of her control which prevent her return to US on time..

还有万一她仍无法返美导致绿卡最后失效, 以后还可以通过我的绿卡重新申请吗?

-Yes, of course. She may just aabndon the void green card and then, apply for B2 visa to come back and apply for the green card later, or you just file I-130 to sponsor her to apply for the immigrant visa to come back to become a green card holder directly.

手续是不是差不多?-Yes.