郑永年：西方对华错误政策源于“不研究”中共

郑永年：西方对华错误政策源于“不研究”中共

2021-06-21 15:15:38字号：A- A A+来源：观察者网

最后更新: 2021-06-21 15:16:13

近日著名政治学者郑永年接受了环球时报记者的专访，并回答了“为什么西方政界和学界近年来对中国共产党的误读和误判越来越多，对中国共产党的‘妖魔化’也越来越严重”的问题。

郑永年：西方对中国共产党的误读和错误判断，很大程度上是源于近年来西方对中共研究的缺乏。从历史上看，在1949年前，西方有斯诺等一些人对中国共产党非常感兴趣，曾专程前往延安持续、深入地报道中共；1949年到上世纪70年代，即使中国当时与西方沟通很少，但仍有许多西方学者在研究中共的方方面面，出版了很多书籍，这是因为中华人民共和国的建立让他们认为研究中共非常重要；然而，到了上世纪80年代后，西方研究中共的人以及著作越来越少了，他们要么认为中共“不再重要了”，要么认为中共“已经过时了”。

这一现象和西方自身的政治社会变化有关。在上世纪80年代以前，西方采取的政治制度本质上是一种精英民主，而政党是精英民主的主体。但20世纪70年代以后，“一人一票”的大众民主逐渐在美国等西方国家兴起，它对西方的政党制度产生很大影响。从那时起到今天，西方政党一直处于衰落的状态，其在社会的影响力日渐下滑，而新自由主义日渐兴起，资本的地位越显重要，政治被边缘化，这也是英美等国今天普遍面临治理危机的根源。

在这一大背景下，西方学者整体的研究方向从政党逐渐转向社会组织，转向所谓的“后工业化时代”议题，这一趋势也影响到他们对中共的研究。仔细观察近年来西方研究中国的专著不难发现，研究中国环保运动、非政府组织的文章很多，但研究中国共产党的极少。然而，到底是中共在中国扮演的角色更重要，还是非政府组织扮演的角色更重要？答案显而易见。

西方许多错误的对华政策都是源于他们对中国共产党的误读：不研究导致不了解，不了解又进一步误导政策制定。西方一些所谓的中国专家、意见领袖更是从意识形态角度出发，传递出完全错误的判断，比如“中国共产党要崩溃”“应该把中共和中国人民分离开来”等。倘若美国不纠正这些误判，它一定会在对华政策上继续犯大错误。

 

Zheng Yongnian：The West's erroneous policy toward China stems from "not studying" the CCP

2021-06-21 15:15:38字号：A- A A+来源：观察者网guancha.cn

最后更新: 2021-06-21 15:16:13

 

2021-June-21 https://www.guancha.cn/politics/2021_06_21_595236.shtml

 

Recently, Zheng Yongnian, a well-known political scientist, accepted an exclusive interview with a global times reporter and answered the question of "why the Western political and academic circles have more and more misreading and misjudging the CPC in recent years, and the 'demonization' of the CPC has become more and more serious.

 

Zheng Yongnian: The West's misreading and misjudgment of the Chinese Communist Party is largely due to the lack of Western research on the CCP in recent years. Historically, before 1949, some people in the West, such as Snow, were very interested in the Chinese Communist Party and made special trips to Yan'an to report on the CCP continuously and in depth; From 1949 to the 1970s, even though China had little communication with the West at that time, there were still many Western scholars who studied all aspects of the CCP and published many books, because the founding of the People's Republic of China made them think that the study of the CCP was very important; However, after the 1980s, there were fewer and fewer people in the West who studied the CCP and wrote about it, either believing that the CCP was "no longer important" or that it was "outdated."。

 

This phenomenon is related to the political and social changes in the West itself. Before the 1980s, the political system adopted in the West was essentially an elite democracy, and political parties were the main body of elite democracy. However, after the 1970s, the "one person, one vote" mass democracy gradually emerged in the United States and other Western countries, which had a great impact on the Western party system. From then until today, Western political parties have been in a state of decline, their influence in society is declining, and neoliberalism is rising, the position of capital is becoming more and more important, and politics is marginalized, which is also the root cause of the governance crisis that britain and the United States and other countries face today。

 

In this context, the overall research direction of Western scholars has gradually shifted from political parties to social organizations to the so-called "post-industrial era" issue, and this trend has also affected their research on the CCP. A closer look at Western monographs on China in recent years is not difficult to find that there are many articles on China's environmental protection movement and non-governmental organizations, but very few on the Chinese Communist Party. But is the CCP's role in China more important, or the role of NGOs more important? The answer is obvious。

 

Many of the West's erroneous China policies stem from their misreading of the Chinese Communist Party: failure to study leads to ignorance, and ignorance further misleads policymaking. Some so-called Chinese experts and opinion leaders in the West have even proceeded from an ideological point of view, conveying completely wrong judgments, such as "the Chinese Communist Party is going to collapse" and "the CCP should be separated from the Chinese people." If the United States does not correct these miscalculations, it will certainly continue to make major mistakes in its China policy。