美国政府贸易代表罗伯特·莱特希泽，2月27日在美国众议院关于美-中贸易谈判的听证发言要点(英文)

美国政府贸易代表罗伯特·莱特希泽，2月27日在美国众议院关于美-中贸易谈判的听证发言要点(英文)
House Ways and Means Committee’s Hearing with US Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer
February 27,2019
Key points made by Lighthizer in his opening remarks• We have engaged in a very intense,extremely serious,and very specific negotiations with China on crucial,structural issues for several months now. We are making real progress. If we can complete this effort and can reach a satisfactory solution to all the outstanding issues and as well as enforceability,we might be able to have an agreement that might allow us to turn a corner on US-China relations. Much still needs to be done before any agreement is reached,and after if one is reached.
Goals for the trade negotiations• President Trump wants an agreement that is enforceable,makes changes to the patterns of forced technology transfers,intellectual property,large industrial subsidies,and removes a whole variety of specific impediments to trade and unfair practices in agriculture and services. The United States wants to have specific language that will be enforceable through a very clear process.• Lighthizer said that he would measure the success of trade negotiations by the following measures: 1)whether the deal would be enforceable 2)must have real rules on forced technology transfers at every level of government 3)at minimum must have IP requirements – the chapter on IP is expected to be about 27 or 28 pages and will be long and detailed 4)services – must address provisions that keep US companies out of banking and electronic payments and “whole variety of things like that”5)remove non-tariff barriers such as subsidies that limit companies’abilities to compete around the world 6)have currency restraints.• Lighthizer said that the US objectives for the negotiations are 1)to foster reform in China – Lighthizer said that there’s a “good group of people in China who want to achieve this”2)lead to structural reforms where USTR can achieve in the confines of the statute given by Congress to USTR and of USTR’s Section 301 report.
Removal of tariffs• Lighthizer avoided Chairman Neal’s question on whether tariffs will be removed and said that they would talk offline,but noted that one of China’s objectives is to get the tariffs removed.
Enforcement• Both negotiating teams have agreed to a process where there will be regular meetings at the office directors’level,quarterly meetings at the vice minister level,and semi-annual meetings at the minister level. The United States will act “proportionally but also unilaterally to insist on enforcement”if disagreements cannot be resolved at the minister level.• In terms of monitoring whether China lives up to its commitments,US companies will be able to submit complaints to the administration in an anonymous process,and USTR will identify systemic problems through patterns of behavior by the Chinese government.
Agriculture• An agreement is expected to include purchases of soybeans,corn,ethanol,cotton,pork,and high value-added specialty crops such as wine. Both negotiating teams are also working on SPS measures and China’s other market access restrictions that lack scientific basis.• Lighthizer said that rice is a complicated issue and mentioned the WTO cases that the United States has raised on rice.• Lighthizer also said that discussions have focused on beef,poultry,and aquatics,specifically on ractopamine with respect to beef.
Services• An agreement on services is expected to include banking,credit rating,insurance,electronic payments,and cloud computing. Lighthizer said that both negotiating teams have spent enormous amount of time on services and have drawn up sub sections on it. Negotiations on services have also been “more specific than thematic.”• Lighthizer said that while the United States has raised US movie producers’issues on revenue-sharing and distribution deal,he can’t predict success on these issues.
Non-tariff barriers• Discussions have focused on technical barriers – one of them was on the approval process for biotechnology. Lighthizer noted that the US approval process usually takes 18 to 24 months while the Chinese approval process takes 7 to 8 years. The United States has asked China to change things systemically,to put in time limits,and make science-based decisions.
Intellectual property rights• Both negotiating teams are working on proper definitions of intellectual property and trade secrets. The United States is asking for criminal enforcement and deterrent level penalties. Lighthizer mentioned that China wants to reform this process and because Chinese people view themselves as creators of intellectual property,the Chinese delegation has taken a different attitude toward negotiations on intellectual property rights.
Technology transfers• Both negotiating teams are working on provisions that if enforced,would make far more commitments on cyber theft,physical theft,and investments to get technology. The United States is focused on ending non-economic transfers of technology.• Lighthizer also noted that an agreement,if reached,will address China’s equity caps and licensing requirements.
Currency• Lighthizer said that currency is not just a problem with China,but also a serious problem with Japan and other countries. The agreement on currency would be enforceable. The United States has asked China to not do competitive devaluations and to have transparency.
Role of Congress in US-China trade negotiations• Lighthizer said that USTR has no intention of submitting a trade agreement with China,if reached,to Congress for approval since negotiations are not being conducted under trade promotion authority and emphasized that it is the president’s constitutional authority to enter into an agreement with China on trade.

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• 美国想卖瘦肉精牛肉，有点搞 -BeyondWind- ♂ (0 bytes) () 02/27/2019 postreply 20:00:32

• 他没有决定权。他只是类似公司里的一个经理级别的人员。 -评论2012- ♀ (0 bytes) () 02/27/2019 postreply 20:19:01