https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump
Personal life
Trump's mother, Mary Anne, was born in 1912 at Tong, Stornoway, on the Isle of Lewis, off the coast of Scotland. In 1930, aged 18, she sailed on holiday to New York on the SS Transylvania,[27] met Fred Trump and remained in the USA, marrying in 1936. Born in Queens, New York,[170] Donald Trump has four siblings: two brothers, Fred, Jr. (who is deceased) and Robert S. Trump; and two sisters, Maryanne and Elizabeth. His older sister, Maryanne Trump Barry, is a federal appeals court judge on senior status.
In 1977, Trump married model Ivana Zelní?ková, a native of the Czech Republic, and together they have three children: Donald, Jr. (born December 31, 1977), Ivanka (born October 30, 1981), and Eric (born January 6, 1984). Ivana Trump became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1988, with Trump at her side.[171] Trump is popularly known as The Donald, a nickname perpetuated by the media after Ivana referred to him as such in a 1989 Spy Magazine cover story.[172][173] By early 1990 Trump's troubled marriage to Ivana and long-running affair with actress Marla Maples had become tabloid fodder,[25][174] and the couple divorced in 1991.[175]
After dating model Carla Bruni, who reportedly discouraged Trump's relationship with Marla Maples,[176] Trump married Maples on December 21, 1993, two months after the birth of their child, Tiffany (born October 13, 1993).[177] They divorced on June 8, 1999. In a February 2009 interview on ABC's news program Nightline, Trump commented on his ex-wives by saying, "I just know it's very hard for them [Ivana and Marla] to compete because I do love what I do. I really love it."[178]
Trump dated model Kara Young in the mid- to late-1990s,[179] and reportedly "bombarded" Princess Diana with expensive floral arrangements after her 1996 divorce from Prince Charles.[180] "I only have one regret in the women department — that I never had the opportunity to court Lady Diana Spencer", Trump wrote in his 1997 book, The Art of the Comeback. "I met her on a number of occasions ... She was a genuine princess — a dream lady."[181]
On April 26, 2004, Trump proposed to model Melania Knauss, a native of Slovenia. The couple had met and begun a relationship in September 1998.[182][183] Trump and Knauss[184][185] married on January 22, 2005, at Bethesda-by-the-Sea Episcopal Church, on the island of Palm Beach, Florida, followed by a reception at Trump's Mar-A-Lago estate.[186] Melania gave birth to a boy named Barron William Trump, Trump's fifth child, in 2006[187][188] and became a naturalized U.S. citizen that same year.[183] (Trump has historically used the pseudonym "John Baron" in some business interactions.[72] "Lots of people use pen names", Trump once told a reporter. "Ernest Hemingway used one."[73]) In 2011, Melania told an interviewer her son Barron is equally fluent in English and Slovenian, thanks to his bilingual upbringing.[189]
Trump has seven grandchildren: five from his son Donald Jr. (Kai Madison,[190] Donald John III,[191] Tristan Milos,[192] Spencer Frederick, and Chloe Sophia) and two from his daughter Ivanka (Arabella Rose and Joseph Frederick[193][194]).
Trump is a Presbyterian.[8] In an April 2011 interview, on the 700 Club, Trump said, "I'm a Protestant, I'm a Presbyterian. And you know I've had a good relationship with the church over the years. I think religion is a wonderful thing. I think my religion is a wonderful religion."[195][196] Although Trump told a 2015 South Carolina campaign audience he attends Marble Collegiate Church, where he married his first wife Ivana in 1977 and reportedly romanced Marla Maples during Sunday services a decade later,[25][49][197] a statement from the church said he is "not an active member".[198] In 1983, Reverend Norman Vincent Peale, described in a New York Times profile as Trump's "pastor" and "family minister", said that Trump was "kindly and courteous in certain business negotiations and has a profound streak of honest humility."[28] Calling his own 1987 The Art of the Deal "my second favorite book of all time", Trump has told campaign audiences: "Do you know what my first is? The Bible! Nothing beats the Bible."[199][200] Declining to name his favorite Bible verse, Trump said "I don't like giving that out to people that you hardly know".[198]
Asked in 2015 at an Algemeiner Journal awards ceremony about having Jewish grandchildren, Trump said: "Not only do I have Jewish grandchildren, I have a Jewish daughter [Ivanka, who converted before her marriage to Jared Kushner] and I am very honored by that ... it wasn't in the plan but I am very glad it happened."[201]
Legal affairs
Bankruptcies
Four of Trump's businesses have declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy.[202] According to a 2011 report by Forbes, these were due to over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City: Trump’s Taj Mahal (1991), Trump Plaza Hotel (1992), Trump Hotels and Casino Resorts (2004), and Trump Entertainment Resorts (2009).[203][204] Trump said "I've used the laws of this country to pare debt. ... We'll have the company. We'll throw it into a chapter. We'll negotiate with the banks. We'll make a fantastic deal. You know, it's like on 'The Apprentice'. It's not personal. It's just business."[205] He indicated that other "great entrepreneurs" do the same.[203]
Trump's first corporate bankruptcy was in 1991 when Trump Taj Mahal was unable to pay its obligations.[205] Forbes indicated that his first bankruptcy was the only one where his personal wealth was involved. Time, however, maintains that $72 million of his personal money was involved also in the later 2004 bankruptcy.[206]
On November 2, 1992, the Trump Plaza Hotel filed a prepackaged Chapter 11 protection plan. Under the plan, Trump agreed to give up a 49 percent stake in the luxury hotel to Citibank and five other lenders.[207] In return Trump would receive more favorable terms on the remaining $550+ million owed to the lenders, and retain his position as chief executive, though he would not be paid and would not have a role in day-to-day operations.[208]
In the subsequent restructuring of these two events, Trump had eliminated a large portion of his $900 million personal debt by 1994[209] and reduced significantly his nearly $3.5 billion in business debt. While he relinquished the Trump Princess yacht and the Trump Shuttle (which he had bought in 1989), he managed to retain Trump Tower in New York City and control of his three casinos in Atlantic City. Trump sold his ownership of West Side Yards to Asian developers as a result of his negotiations with Chase Manhattan Bank. Trump was reportedly paid a premium for placing his well-known moniker on the buildings that eventually arose. In 1995, he combined his casino holdings into the publicly held Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts. The real estate assets became a source of wealth even when profits had struggled.[210]
The third corporate bankruptcy was on October 21, 2004, when Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts announced a restructuring of its debt.[211] The plan called for Trump's individual ownership to be reduced from 56 percent to 27 percent, with bondholders receiving stock in exchange for surrendering part of the debt. Trump Hotels was forced to seek voluntary bankruptcy protection to stay afloat. After the company applied for Chapter 11 Protection in November 2004, Trump opted to relinquish his CEO position but retained a role as Chairman of the board. In May 2005[212] the company emerged from bankruptcy as Trump Entertainment Resorts Holdings.[213]
The most recent corporate bankruptcy occurred in 2009. On February 13, Trump announced that he would resign from the board of Trump Entertainment Resorts and four days later the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.[214] At that time, Trump Entertainment Resorts had three properties in Atlantic City: Trump Taj Mahal, Trump Plaza, and Trump Marina (sold in 2011). In early August 2014, Donald Trump filed a lawsuit requesting his name be removed from the Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino and the Taj Mahal facilities since he no longer runs or controls the company.[215] Trump Entertainment Resorts filed again for bankruptcy in 2014.[216]
Lawsuits
Over the course of his career, Trump has initiated and been the target of "hundreds" of civil lawsuits, which Trump lawyer Alan Garten said in 2015 was "a natural part of doing business in this country".[217]
In 1973, the Justice Department unsuccessfully sued Trump Management Corporation for alleged racial discrimination, at which time Trump was the company's president.[218] The federal government filed the lawsuit against his New York City real estate company for allegedly discriminating against potential black renters, which Trump never admitted. The case was settled out of court in 1975.[219]
In March 1990, after an analyst at Janney Montgomery Scott said that Trump's Taj Mahal project would initially "break records" but would fail before the end of that year, Trump threatened to sue the firm unless the analyst recanted or was fired. The analyst refused to retract the statements, and was fired by his firm.[220] Taj Mahal declared bankruptcy for the first time in November 1990.[221] A defamation lawsuit by the analyst against Trump for $2 million was settled out of court.[222] The analyst's statements regarding the Taj Mahal's prospects were later called "stunningly accurate".[223]
In January 2002, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought a financial-reporting case against Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts Inc., alleging that it had committed several "misleading statements in the company's third-quarter 1999 earnings release". The matter was settled with the defendant neither admitting nor denying the charge.[224]
During the 2008 financial crisis, Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago was unable to sell sufficient units. Lender Deutsche Bank refused to let Trump lower the prices on the units to spur sales. Arguing that the financial crisis and resulting drop in the real estate market is due to circumstances beyond his control, Trump invoked a clause in the contract to not pay the loan.[225] Trump then initiated a suit asserting that his image had been damaged. Both parties agreed to drop their suits, and sales of the units continued.[226]
In 2008, Trump filed a $100 million lawsuit for alleged fraud and civil rights violations[227] against the California city of Rancho Palos Verdes, a seaside town of 41,000 with an annual budget just under $20 million, over thwarted luxury home development and expansion plans on part of a landslide-prone golf course purchased by Trump in 2002 for $27 million.[227] Trump had previously sued a local school district over land leased from them in the re-branded Trump National Golf Club, and had further angered some local residents by renaming a thoroughfare after himself.[227] Trump's lawyer was unable to convince a judge that the city's "relentless anti-growth municipal ideology"[228] had stymied Trump's ambitions, as Trump had never submitted permit applications in the first place,[228] and the suit was ultimately withdrawn in 2012 with Trump and the city agreeing to modified geological surveys and permit extensions for some 20 proposed luxury homes (in addition to 36 homes previously approved).[228][229] Trump ultimately opted for a permanent conservation easement instead of expanded housing development on the course's driving range.[230]
In 2009, Trump was sued by investors who had put down deposits, typically $200,000 - $300,000 per person, for condos in the failed Trump Ocean Resort Baja Mexico.[231] The investors alleged that Trump (whose videos promoting the development had been shown to potential investors) misrepresented his role in the project, claiming after its failure that he had been little more than a spokesperson for the entire venture, disavowing any financial responsibility for the debacle.[232] Investors were abruptly informed that they would be getting nothing back: "All that remains of Trump Baja is a highway billboard with a large photo of Donald Trump that advertises condos for sale. It hovers over a closed sales center and showroom, a paved parking lot, a big hole that cuts a wide swath, drainage pipes and construction equipment", reported the Associated Press in 2009.[231] In the litigation that ensued in a California court, Trump's attorneys sought to question a San Diego Union-Tribune reporter about a 2006 story with the headline "Trump puts 'brand' on Baja with condo-hotel", which quoted Trump saying he was a "significant" equity investor in the development.[233] The California court rejected Trump's legal maneuver, siding with attorneys who argued that California Shield Law prevented discovery of a reporter's unpublished notes.[234] In 2013, Trump settled the lawsuit with more than one hundred would-be condo owners for an undisclosed amount.[235]
In September 2011, an appellate court upheld a New Jersey judge's decision dismissing Trump's $5 billion defamation lawsuit against author Timothy L. O'Brien, who had reported in his 2006 book, TrumpNation: The Art of Being The Donald, that Trump's true net worth was in fact between $150 and $250 million, not the "billions" Trump had told the author and publicly stated in 2005.[236] Trump complained that the author's alleged underestimation of his net worth was motivated by malice and had cost him business deals and reputational damage.[237] The appellate court, however, noted the consistency of O'Brien's three confidential sources.[238]
Trump sued comedian Bill Maher for $5 million in 2013, based on comments Maher made on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, in which Maher offered $5 million payable to a charity if Trump produced his birth certificate to prove his mother had not mated with an orangutan. (Trump, in addition to having previously challenged Obama to produce his birth certificate, had offered $5 million payable to a charity of Obama's choice, if Obama produced his college applications, transcripts, and passport records.[239][240]) Trump produced his birth certificate, filing a lawsuit after Maher was not forthcoming, claiming Maher's $5 million offer was legally-binding. "I don't think he was joking", Trump said. "He said it with venom."[239] Maher replied that Trump needed to learn the difference between "what a joke is and what a contract is" and that the U.S. legal system is "not a toy for rich idiots to play with", and said that it was obvious humans and orangutans can't reproduce.[241] Trump withdrew his lawsuit against the comedian after eight weeks.[242]
On August 24, 2013, a lawsuit filed by New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman accused Trump of defrauding more than 5,000 people of $40 million for the opportunity to learn Trump's real estate investment techniques in a for-profit training program, Trump University, which operated from 2005 to 2011.[243][244][245] Schneiderman contended that Trump's seminars constituted an "unlicensed, illegal educational institution" which utilized false advertising, bait-and-switch tactics, intentional misrepresentation and other fraudulent practices.[217] In January 2014, a New York Superior Court upheld part of the Attorney General's case against Trump,[246] and in October 2014, found Trump liable for not obtaining a license to operate the for-profit investment school, Trump Entrepreneur Initiative, formerly known as Trump University. (Trump ultimately stopped using the term "University" following a 2010 order from New York regulators, who called Trump's use of the word "misleading and even illegal"; the state had previously warned Trump in 2005 to drop the term or not offer seminars within New York.)[247][248][249] In a separate class action civil suit in mid-February 2014, a San Diego federal judge allowed claimants in California, Florida, and New York to proceed.[250] A Trump counterclaim, alleging that the state Attorney General's investigation was accompanied by a campaign donation shakedown, was investigated by a New York ethics board and dismissed in August 2015.[251] Trump also filed a $1 million defamation suit against former Trump University student Tarla Makaeff, who had spent about $37,000 on seminars, after she joined the class action lawsuit and publicized her classroom experiences on social media.[232] Unable to prove malice, Trump University lost an anti-SLAPP lawsuit (under statutes designed to thwart legal intimidation of class action participants) and was ordered by a U.S. District Judge in April 2015 to pay Makaeff and her lawyers $798,774.24 in legal fees and costs.[252] "That just shows you how low they will go to silence people", Makaeff said.[232]
In August 2014, former 2012 Miss Pennsylvania Sheena Monnin ultimately settled a $5 million arbitration judgment against her, having been sued by Trump after alleging that Miss USA 2012 pageant results were rigged. Monnin wrote on her Facebook page that another contestant told her during a rehearsal that she had seen a list of the top five finalists, and when those names were called in their precise order, Monnin realized the pageant election process was suspect, compelling Monnin to resign her Miss Pennsylvania title. Trump's lawyer said that Monnin's allegations had cost the pageant a lucrative British Petroleum sponsorship deal and threatened to discourage women from entering Miss USA contests in the future.[253] According to Monnin, testimony from the Miss Universe Organization and Ernst & Young revealed that the top 15 finalists were selected by pageant directors regardless of preliminary judges' scores.[254] As part of the settlement, Monnin was not required to retract her original statements.[253] "Standing on truth has cost me much", Monnin said.[255]
In late October 2014, model Alexia Palmer filed a civil suit against Trump Model Management for promising a $75,000 annual salary but paying only $3,380.75 for three years' work. Palmer claims to be owed more than $200,000. Palmer contended that Trump Model Management charged, in addition to a management fee, "obscure expenses" from postage to limousine rides that consumed the remainder of her compensation. Trump attorney Alan Garten claims the lawsuit is "bogus and completely frivolous".[256][257]
In 2015, Trump initiated a $100 million lawsuit against Palm Beach County claiming that officials, in a "deliberate and malicious" act, pressured the FAA to direct air traffic to the Palm Beach International Airport over his Mar-A-Lago estate.[258] The air traffic is allegedly damaging the construction of the building and disrupting its ambience. Trump had previously sued twice over airport noise.[258]
In July 2015, Trump initiated a $10 million lawsuit against chef José Andrés claiming that he backed out of a deal to open the flagship restaurant at Trump International Hotel Washington, D.C.[259] Andrés replied that Trump's lawsuit was "both unsurprising and without merit".[260] After denouncing chef Geoffrey Zakarian who, like Andrés, withdrew from the Trump International Hotel project in the wake of Trump's comments on undocumented Mexican immigrants (and who was expected to lose his $500,000 restaurant lease deposit as a result),[260] Trump sued Zakarian in August 2015 for a sum "in excess of $10 million" for lost rent and other damages.[261] Trump's lawsuit called Zakarian's offense at his remarks "curious in light of the fact that Mr. Trump's publicly shared views on immigration have remained consistent for many years, and Mr. Trump's willingness to frankly share his opinions is widely known."[261]
Allegations of business with firms linked to organized crime
Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist David Cay Johnston as well as investigative journalist Wayne Barrett, who wrote an unauthorized 1992 Trump biography, have alleged that Trump and his companies did business with New York and Philadelphia families linked to the Italian-American Mafia.[262][263] They claim Trump purchased the future site of Atlantic City's Trump Plaza for twice its market value from noted Philadelphia crime family member Salvatore Testa, and according to the State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation's 1986 report on organized crime, constructed the casino using two firms controlled by Nicodemo Scarfo.[263] Although Trump was a federal target in a 1979 bribery investigation, and later questioned in a 1981 racketeering probe, neither investigation resulted in criminal charges.[263] Trump was criticized for omitting mention of that investigation in his New Jersey casino license application, and Johnston alleged that he had persuaded state officials to limit his background investigation.[262] In addition, Johnston claimed that Trump Tower and other New York City properties were constructed with concrete from a firm owned by Anthony Salerno, head of the Genovese crime family, and "Big Paul" Castellano, head of the Gambino crime family.[262]
According to investigative journalist John Sweeney, Trump walked out of a BBC Panorama interview with him after Sweeney asked why Trump continued to do business with Felix Sater, an ex-convict who identified himself a "senior advisor to Donald Trump" (a claim disputed by Trump's representatives), after Sater's mafia and Russian criminal ties, as well as a 1998 racketeering conviction, were publicly reported.[264][265][266]
选择“Disable on www.wenxuecity.com”
选择“don't run on pages on this domain”
