足以令你惊异的无人驾驶飞行器！（图文）

怪异的无人驾驶飞机
　　

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　　无人机是一种由无线电遥控设备或自身程序控制装置操纵的无人驾驶飞行器。它最早出现于20世纪20年代，当时是作为训练用的靶机使用的。
　　

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　　无人机的飞速发展和广泛运用是在海湾战争后。以美国为首的西方国家充分认识到无人机在战争中的作用，竞相把高新技术应用到无人机的研制与发展上。
　　

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　　新翼型和轻型材料大大增加了无人机的续航时间；采用先进的信号处理与通信技术提高了无人机的图像传递速度和数字化传输速度。
　　

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　　先进的自动驾驶仪使无人机不再需要陆基电视屏幕领航，而是按程序飞往盘旋点，改变高度和飞往下一个目标
　　

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　　新一代的无人机能从多种平台上发射和回收，例如从地面车辆、舰船、航空器、亚轨道飞行器和卫星进行发射和回收。
　　

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　　地面操纵员可以通过计算机检验它的程序并根据需要改变无人机的航向。而其他一些更先进的技术装备、如高级窃听装置、穿透树叶的雷达、提供化学能力的微型分光计设备等，也将被安装到无人机上。
　　

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　　在越南战争，海湾战争乃至北约空袭南斯拉夫的过程中，无人机都被频繁地用于执行军事任务。无人机虽然不是战场上空执行空中任务的主力，但也成为不可缺少的重要组成部分。
　　

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　　由于无人机是无人驾驶，因而可以把它送到危险的环境执行任务而无须担心人员伤亡，所以世界上各主要军事国家对无人机在军事上的用途十分青睐。
　　

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　　新一代无人机的发展从低空，短航时向高空，长航时发展。老式的无人机滞空时间短，飞行高度低，侦察监视面积小，不能连续获取信息，甚至会造成情报“盲区”，不适应现代战争的需要。
　　

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　　为此，美国陆军研制了“蒂尔”II超高空，长航时无人机。
　　

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　　向隐形无人机方向发展，为了对付日益增强的地面防空火力的威胁，许多先进的隐形技术被应用到无人机的研制上。一是采用复合材料、雷达吸波材料和低噪声发动机。
　　

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　　如美军“蒂尔”II无人机除了主梁外，几乎全部采用了石墨合成材料，并且对发动机出气口和卫星通信天线作了特殊设计，飞行高度在300米以上时，人耻听不见；
　　

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　　在900米以上时，肉眼看不见。二是采用限制红外光反射技术，在机身表面涂上能够吸收红外光的特制油漆并在发动机燃料中注入防红外辐射的化学制剂。
　　

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　　三是减小机身表面缝隙，减少雷达反射面。四是采用充电表面涂层还具有变色的特性：从地面向上看，无人机具有与天空一样的颜色；从空中往下看，无人机呈现与大地一样的颜色。
　　

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　　从实时战术侦察向空中预警方向发展，美军认为，21世纪的空中侦察系统主要由无人机组成。美军计划用预警无人机取代E－3和E－8有人驾驶预警机，使唤其成为21世纪航空侦察的主力。
　　

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　　向空中格斗方向发展，攻击无人机是无人机的一个重要发展方向。由于无人机能预先靠前部署，可以在距离所防卫目标较远的距离上摧毁来袭的导弹，
　　

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　　无人机能够有效地克服“爱国者”或C－300等反导导弹反应时间长、拦截距离近、拦截成功后的残骸对防卫目标仍有损害的缺点
　　

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　　如德国的“达尔”攻击型无人机，能够有效地对付多种地空导弹，为己方攻击机开辟空中通道。
　　

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　　以色列的“哈比”反辐射无人机，具有自动搜索、全天候攻击和同时攻击多个目标的能力。(此图仅仅是文章配图,并非图片内容)
　　

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　　美国研制和发展无人机的主要国家之一。美军认为无人机适合冷战后的“地区防务战略”和监视地区冲突的需要。为了提高战场实时侦察能力，美军研制和装备了以下无人机。
　　

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　　中国在无人机和电子机上也拥有很多先进技术，相信无人飞机将会取得更大的发展，